Category: Mapping

  • Geospatial Mapping Enhances Arlington National Cemetery Management

    Officials at Arlington National Cemetery will use an Army-designed geospatial mapping system to manage cemetery operations, said the executive director of the Army National Cemeteries Program.

     

    Kathryn A. Condon testified before the House Veterans Affairs Committee's disability assistance and memorial affairs subcommitee to provide an update on the progress made in rectifying long-standing management problems at Arlington National Cemetery.

    Source: Arlington National Cemetary

    "Arlington is no longer a paper-based operation. By producing a single electronic map of Arlington, the staff will assign, manage and track gravesites with an authoritative digital map," Condon said. "It will allow us to synchronize in real time our burial operations at Arlington."

    The geospatial mapping system allows officials to synchronize burial operations with other daily operations, such as public ceremonies, infrastructure repair, grounds upkeep and public safety activities, Condon explained. The system is linked to Arlington's interment scheduling system, which allows schedulers to assign gravesites and assign procession routes. It also alerts Arlington staff of other activities in the area, she said.

    Arlington is the first national cemetery to use this technology, Condon told the panel.

    The geospatial mapping system will use the information collected and validated as part of the Army's gravesite accountability study. The gravesite accountability effort resulted in the first review, analysis and coordination of records kept in various ways at Arlington over the cemetery's history, Condon said.

    The Gravesite Accountability Task Force physically examined and photographed 259,978 gravesites, niches and markers using a custom-built smartphone application and matched each photo with records in a database. Arlington officials are 84 percent complete in validating records, officials said, and are on track to finish this summer.

    Once complete, Arlington's accountability effort will create a single, verifiable and authoritative database of all those laid to rest at Arlington, officials added, and it will be linked with Arlington's geospatial mapping system.

  • Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: The FAA is Taking Them Seriously, Should You?

    Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are making inroads as geospatial data collection devices (aerial photography). The laws governing the use of UAVs varies widely from country to country. In some countries, UAVs are being used, as we speak, for snapping aerial photographs for digital mapping (GIS). In the U.S., however, the commercial use of UAVs is prohibited by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

    However, that is changing.

    Current FAA UAV Policy

    The FAA published a UAV Fact Sheet in July 2011. Summarized:

    Recreational UAVs (model aircraft). Recreational use generally limits operations to below 400 feet above ground level and away from airports and air traffic.

    Experimental UAVs. A Special Airworthiness Certificates in the Experimental Category (SAC-EC) is the only method available for civil users operate UAVs. While it allows for research and development, market surveys and crew training, it prohibits operating UAVs for profit-making entities.

    Public UAVs. The Certificates of Waiver or Authorization (COA) process is available to public entities, including military, law enforcement, and other governmental agencies who want to fly a UAS in civil airspace. Applicants apply online and the FAA evaluates the request. The FAA issues a COA generally based on the following principles:

    • The COA authorizes an operator to use defined airspace and includes special provisions unique to the proposed operation.  For instance, a COA may include a requirement to operate only under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) and/or only during daylight hours.  Most COAs are issued for a specified time period (up to one year, in most cases).
    • Most COAs require coordination with an appropriate air traffic control facility and may require the UAS to have a transponder to operate in certain types of airspace.
    • Due to the inability of UAS to comply with “see and avoid” rules as manned aircraft operations do, a visual observer or an accompanying “chase” aircraft must maintain visual contact with the UAS and serve as its “eyes” when operating outside of airspace that is restricted from other users.

    To read the entire FAA Fact Sheet, click here.

    To see how UAVs might be used for digital mapping, click on the following image to display a video (~ 5 minutes).

     

    Fast forward to 2012. The FAA is revising the rules governing the usage of UAVs, including commercial usage. Read a USA Today article about it by clicking here.

    Last month, President Obama signed into law a bill that orders the FAA to figure out how to integrate commercial UAV usage into the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS). This is exciting times for UAVs.

    As a result, on March 7, 2012 the FAA issued a press release asking “for public input on the agency’s selection process for six unmanned aircraft system (UAS) test sites. Once the pilot program is established, the agency expects it will provide valuable data to help the FAA safely and efficiently integrate UAS into the same airspace with manned airplanes”.

    The FAA also posted, on the Federal Register, a Request for Public Comment regarding the selection of the six test sites. You can read a detailed discussion presented by the FAA by clicking here. You can view a March 2012 FAQ on this discussion, published by the FAA, by clicking here.

    UAV technology is going to move forward very fast. As it’s clear the FAA will open up commercial usage of UAVs in the U.S., you should see a lot of really cool UAV techology developments continuing to surface. I think it’s so significant that I’ve invited some UAV experts to speak at our Field Technology Conference this September in Portland, Oregon and have made it part of our keynote session. Look for more details on registering for the Field Technology Conference in the next couple of weeks. In the meantime, following is a short Youtube video of last years conference.

    Thanks, and see you next week.

    Follow me on Twitter at http://twitter.com/GPSGIS_Eric

  • LightSquared Snuffed by NITA, FCC

    The more than year-long battle between wireless start-up LightSquared and the GPS industry peaked earlier this week when the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), tasked by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to study the potential interference problem between LightSquared’s mobile wireless proposal and GPS receivers, issued a statement and report with the following conclusion:

    “The federal agencies and LightSquared have invested significant time and resources to identify and analyze proposed solutions to address the impact of LightSquared’s planned network implementations. Based on the testing and analyses conducted to date, as well as numerous discussions with LightSquared, it is clear that LightSquared’s proposed implementation plans, including operations in the lower 10MHz would impact both general/personal navigation and certified aviation GPS receivers. We conclude at this time that there are no mitigation strategies that both solve the interference issues and provide LightSquared with an adequate commercial network deployment.”

    Read the entire letter from the NTIA to the FCC here (pdf).

    Read the NTIA technical report here (pdf). 

    The FCC subsequently issued a statement including the following paragraph:

    “NTIA, the federal agency that coordinates spectrum uses for the military and other federal government entities, has now concluded that there is no practical way to mitigate potential interference at this time. Consequently, the Commission will not lift the prohibition on LightSquared. The International Bureau of the Commission is proposing to (1) vacate the Conditional Waiver Order, and (2) suspend indefinitely LightSquared’s Ancillary Terrestrial Component authority to an extent consistent with the NTIA letter. A Public Notice seeking comment on NTIA’s conclusions and on these proposals will be released tomorrow.”

    As promised, the FCC subsequently opened a Public Notice seeking comments based on NTIA’s report and conclusions. View the Public Notice here. Public comments close on March 1, 2012. If you have invested in GPS technology, you should enter your comments to protect your investment.

    Submitting your comments to the FCC only takes five minutes. You don’t need to write an essay. Just state that you support the NTIA’s conclusion.

    You can compose your comments in a text editor like Notepad, then save the file and attach it. Once you go to the FCC comment submission website, it will make sense. If you have any problems, email me.

    1. Go to the FCC comment submission website by clicking here.
    2. Type in the following information:
    • Proceeding Number: 11-109
    • Name of Filer: Enter your name
    • Address Line 1: Enter your address
    • City: Enter your city
    • State: Enter your state
    • Zip: Enter your zipe code
    • Attach your comments

    That’s it. Five minutes and you’re done.

    You might have heard about another Public Notice that the FCC issued regarding LightSquared. It is in response to LightSquared’s petition to rule that GPS receivers are not entitled to interference protection. I wrote about it last week. You can read my article here. At that time, I was planning to submit my comments, but that was before the NTIA released its report and conclusions this week. I wouldn’t suggest you not enter a comment to the earlier Public Notice, but certainly I’d focus on entering comments on the latest Public Notice in support of NTIA’s report and recommendations.

    For those of you who heard that LightSquared might have been a good idea in order to make wireless mobile Internet access more affordable, I have serious doubts about that statement. Here’s why…

    Borrowing from my article last week, LightSquared is relying on Sprint’s infrastructure (~31,000 towers) for its terrestrial operations, and supplementing them with ~3,400 LightSquared towers at some point. I’ve used Sprint’s mobile phone service for about 12 years, and I used Sprint’s data card service for several years (not any longer). I pretty much know that Sprint is good for metro areas and poor for rural areas. Like other wireless providers (AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile, etc.), Sprint is strong in some geographic areas, and weak in others. Since LightSquared is focused on serving people (densely populated areas) rather than geographic areas (e.g., farmlands), their terrestrial service is not going to be even close to being nationwide. LightSquared’s solution for areas not covered by their terrestrial service is to use satellite communications for internet connectivity. If you want to know more about this, read Tim Farrar’s blog on the subject, which includes a map of LightSquared’s terrestrial coverage. I’ve asked LightSquared for the most current deployment map, but received no response. I’ve been unable to find it even in their FCC filings (maybe you can), but I have to believe that if it was something to be proud of, they would be showing it to everyone.

    Furthermore, in a huge FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) document release last week by the FCC, documents reveal what LightSquared was planning to charge their wholesale customers (not retail) when customers were out of range of their terrestrial system and forced to use LightSquared’s satellite for wireless broadband. The wholesale cost of their satellite broadband service was to be $10 per megabyte (not gigabyte), an astonishingly high price for a company that’s been touting affordable, nationwide wireless broadband Internet service. If you want to read for yourself, click here. You can read about LightSquared’s objections to the FOIA document release here.

    LightSquared bankruptcy looming?

    Of course, after the NTIA issued its report and conclusions this week, there were many rumors that LightSquared would soon declare bankruptcy. In response, LightSquared financier Phil Falcone told Reuters “It is clearly not on our table” and that “There are other ways around this.”

    Other rumors include a proposed spectrum swap that GPS World reported two weeks ago. Although it’s tough to rule out anything, this would be quite a stretch, especially for the spectrum mentioned in the GPS World article (1515-1525 MHz) since it’s still close enough to LightSquared’s 10L signal (1526-1536 MHz) that failed to pass the NTIA’s interference testing that it would likely require another round of GPS interference testing. Furthermore, one of the NTIA’s sticking points was the potential interference from LightSquared’s mobile devices, which operate (uplink) in the 1626.5-1660.5 Mhz range, so that would need to be addressed as well.

    The beginning of a new era of GPS/GNSS technology.

    Included in the NTIA report was a recommendation that, with time, GPS receivers could be redesigned in order to accomodate LightSquared’s 10L signal.

    NTIA also reported that during the January 13 Excom (Position, Navigation, Timing Executive Committee) meeting, it was agreed that “federal agencies will move forward this year to develop and establish new GPS spectrum interference standards that will help inform future proposals for non-space commercial uses in the bands adjacent to the GPS signals and ensure that any such proposals are implemented without affecting existing and evolving uses of space-based PNT services vital to economic, public safety, scientific, and national security needs.”

    In summary, GPS/GNSS receiver designs will change in the coming years and move towards more efficient use of spectrum. To me, a critical statement in the NTIA letter to the FCC is “without affecting existing and evolving,” meaning that not only should GPS be considered but also GPS-like systems from other countries such as Russia’s GLONASS, Europe’s Galileo, and other evolving satellite navigation systems and applications.

    For the latest news, join me next Monday on the ACSM Radio Hour (Monday, February 20)

    The LightSquared situation is still very fluid. There seems to be a new twist almost daily.

    This past Monday, I was a guest on ACSM’s (American Congress on Surveying and Mapping) Radio Hour with Gavin Schrock and Laurence Socci, hosted by ACSM’s Curt Sumner. You can listen to a recording of the show here.

    Due to the significant events that occured this week, I’m returning as a guest either next Monday or the following along with Gavin Schrock to discuss the latest developments. You can join us here at 8 a.m. Pacific/11 a.m. Eastern U.S. time on either day, or the show will be recorded and available for you to listen to at a later date.

    Thanks, and see you next week.

    Follow me on Twitter at http://twitter.com/GPSGIS_Eric

  • Higher Accuracy Geospatial Data is a Double-Edged Sword

    There’s no doubt that geospatial data collected today is more accurate than it was five years ago and will be more accurate five years from now than it is today. A couple of items had me thinking (once again) about the challenge that higher accuracy geospatial is posing and is going to pose in the future.

    The first was an interview I did with Dale Lutz this week. Dale is the vice president of software development and co-founder of Safe Software. Dale is a great person to talk to about trends in geospatial data because Safe Software produces geospatial data conversion software tools. Essentially, the company’s software allows users to seamlessly merge geospatial data sets from different sources. For example, a user may have a requirement to merge data sets from AutoCAD, Esri, and Smallworld along with lidar data. Doing so manually can be a terribly laborious task. Not only does the user have to deal with different data formats, but also data of varying accuracy and unknown sources.

    “One thing that is an ongoing issue, we see a lot of files that frankly don’t have the right coordinate systems in them or it’s missing, so then that relies on users to know,” said Lutz. “That kind of lack of metadata is going to pose a challenge for people as time goes on because folks aren’t going to remember and the file is going to get passed around. They are not going to know which datum it was collected with and they may not get exactly the correct answer.”

    Dale succinctly summarizes the problem. After 20+ years in the geospatial industry, working in many places in the world, and teaching numerous workshops, matching spatial data is the #1 problem people ask me about. It’s fascinating to watch how diligent people are in acquiring the best data collection devices and collecting the most accurate data in the field, only to see it be diluted as it is integrated into a GIS or passed around without the metadata being communicated.

    I’m guilty of it as much as anyone. On many mapping projects, I integrate data from several different data sources. Many times the data is a free download from the web with no metadata provided and no technical support. If I’m able to reach someone to ask a detailed question about the data, 90% of the time they will make their best guess as to the datum used and when the data was collected. Was it in the original NAD83 horizontal datum? HARN? NSRS 2007? And even, ugh, NAD27? The difference can be more than a meter or much greater. It doesn’t take much of an error to negate the value of the expensive high-precision GPS receiver you spent thousands of dollars to acquire.

    Dale knows all too well. “When we used to deal with a MicroStation file that was accurate to a meter, we didn’t lose too much sleep, but now it’s more of an issue.”

    Not only are horizontal datums an issue, vertical accuracy is a challenge of a different kind.

    “It’s really doing a good job with the Z (elevation) that is the challenge we are working on. That’s been a big focus for us,” said Lutz.

    Another item about geospatial data accuracy I ran into this week was a thread on an Autodesk discussion forum. It was an entertaining thread about parcel maps and how they don’t reconcile nicely.

    The original poster summarizes the problem:

    “I am trying to draw a parcel map in AutoCAD, using the distance and bearing info that was added by to the original hand-made drawing by the surveyor. The parcels don’t quite close perfectly… Does anyone know what the acceptable tolerances are for parcels of say 1 acre and under, 1-5 acres, and 5-20 acre sites? Will it ever close EXACTLY, or am I a dreamer?? WOuld you send the surveyor back out to take new measurements if, lets say, he was off by .3″? Or a foot? Or 4 feet on a huge parcel? I am new @ this and just getting started. Thanks!”

    An obviously well-informed poster responded:

    “That is one major open-ended question…
    There are all kinds of things that come into play.  Some of it is the age of the original plat.  There are many places around our country where we have plats created in the 1700’s, using the proverbial “one-eyed goat and a rope”. Those surveys could have major errors, when compared to what we can achieve with today’s technology. But there’s a whole string of law that decides how all of that gets resolved, and it favors the “original survey” whenever possible. But above that, it favors any monuments that are found and recovered. Those typically hold precedence, even if they disagree with the legal record.
    There are also standards that you may need to live to now, in our current age, especially if you’re doing something like an ALTA (Land Title) Survey.  You have to make sure to perform within the standards set by the law. With today’s technology, this is often relatively easy, but you still may run into issues when dealing with older neighborhoods, laid out in past times when measurements were not as exact, and especially when original monumentation can’t be found…  It can get worse; sometimes you find inconsistent monumentation, and have to try to sort through different surveys, figuring out which monuments were set when…  It can become quite a puzzle.
    Learning all of this stuff is what becoming a professional land surveyor is about. And it takes years to do that. So there’s no real way to explain it all in a forum post.”
    Finally, in one sentence the same poster summarizes the colliding worlds of digital cartography, one of the newest digital technologies, and land surveying, one of the oldest professions.
    “A jig-saw puzzle made by blind men with dull saws. As I sometimes describe it.”
    Thanks, and see you next week.
    Follow me on Twitter at http://twitter.com/GPSGIS_Eric
  • Three Geospatial Trends/Technologies for 2012

    A friend of mine is in the bathroom fixture business. When I talk to him, it really makes me appreciate the geospatial industry. While there isn’t much uncharted territory and innovation in bathroom fixtures business, the geospatial industry is ripe for opportunity and innovation. Yes, two out of three of my geospatial technology trends are mobile devices. As I wrote last month, I think the geospatial bottleneck is data. Mobile devices help ease the bottleneck by providing a widely deployed data-collecton platform. How many people do you know who own a smartphone or tablet computer that didn’t own one three years ago? They are proliferating like crazy, and geospatial apps can turn them into geospatial data-collection devices allowing more fuel (data) to flow into the GIS engine.

    Following are my three geospatial trends/technologies for 2012.

     

    1. Building Information Modeling (BIM)

    Over the past 40 years, fed/state/local government and commercial entities have spent a tremendous amount of time and energy developing outdoor GISs for applications ranging from land parcel management to utility pole management. I guess it was the case of tackling the “low-hanging fruit” since we had GPS, aerial photography, and other sensors that allowed us to collect outdoor geographic data relatively efficiently. Also, the ROI (return on investment) case for many outdoor GIS can be clearly visualized and stated. The ROI for BIM hasn’t always been easy to visualize, and the cost of populating a geodatabase with BIM information can be a challenge. But, I think we’ve turned the corner and realized the potential for BIM is astounding. Take a look at some of the following articles weve written on the subject over the past few years.

    Is the Geospatial Bottleneck Software or Data?

    Visualization in Transportation Symposium

    INTERGEO 2011: The World’s Largest Geospatial Conference

    As Data Collection Technology Advances, So Does BIM

    BIM, Son of CAD and GIS

     

    2. Smartphone Adoption

    Who can ignore the rapid adoption of smartphones around the world?

    “Crackberries” (Blackberry) have been around for many years and are largely thought of as the defacto standard for smartphones. However, the Blackberry is giving way (but still growing) and being overtaken by Apple and Android-based smartphones.

    Today’s software developers have the challenge of deciding which operating system platform to support. Should it be iOS (Apple), Android (Google), RIM (Blackberry), or Windows Mobile (Microsoft)? Although some companies with the software development resources choose to support all four, more than likely a company will select two. Which two? With RIM fading a bit, I’d say they can be dismissed first. Google and Microsoft make software development a lot easier for developers than Apple does, but who can ignore the huge iPhone market?

    Nonetheless, a huge number of geospatial apps are being built and deployed for smartphones. Take a look at some of these articles.

    Android Beating iPhone and Blackberry in Smartphone Operating System Market Share, says Nielsen Research

    RIM Nose Dives After Another Disaster Of An Earnings Report

    2011 Showed Better LBS Market Gains, But Was It All About Google?

    On the Edge: Driving Reality Home

    CSR, Navizon Debut Indoor Location and Navigation Systems

    Location Apps Popular in Japan Quake’s Wake

     

    3. Tablet Computer Adoption

    Given the tremendous consumer acceptance of the Apple iPad, the geospatial industry really hasn’t adopted the Apple iPad as much as one would think. I’m even surprised by its lackluster adoption by geospatial professionals, but I understand. The iPad isn’t exactly a computing powerhouse. It’s a sleek, attractive sports car with an engine built for efficiency and beauty, not for brute-force computing.

    However, what Apple has done is attract a number of manufacturers to pay attention to the tablet computing market.

    Also, it has brought the prices of tablet computers down to consumer price levels. The days of $4,000-$5,000 tablet computers are numbered, even the “ruggedized” ones.

    How can an organization justify $4,000 for a “ruggedized” tablet computer when they can purchase a consumer tablet computer, running Windows, for well under $1,000? Yes, in some cases you can justify the data is worth the capital expense, but in an era of severe budget cuts, it’s inceasingly more difficult to justify the expense.

    The Apple iPad Factor

    The Apple iPad Factor – Continued

    Dry Corp, LLC Introduces Waterproof Case for Smartphones and Tablet Computers

    GammaTech Introduces Rugged, Convertible Notebook Computer

    A Look at the Rugged Handheld Algiz 7

    Juniper Launches Mesa Rugged Notepad

    Take a look here for a list of consumer tablet computers from NewEgg.com. Consumer tablet computers for well under $500.

    Thanks, and see you next week.
    Follow me on Twitter at http://twitter.com/GPSGIS_Eric
  • Technology: Friend or Foe?

    More than 20 years ago, I was tasked with training a group of foresters to use new field data collection technology that would require them to change their field procedures. Needless to say, most of them vehemently opposed the change. Even with pressure from the organization to adopt the technology, some continued to rebel to the point that they would use their legacy methods (pencil/paper) in the woods, only to return to their truck and enter the data from the paper to the handheld data recorder.

    I admit it, I hate to change too.

    In fact, my notebook computer is way past its retirement age (four years old). The sound doesn’t work any more, some screen pixels don’t work, the battery lasts abut 45 minutes, and it’s running Windows Vista. I’ve actually bought another notebook computer, but haven’t made the transition. The pain of trying to find all of the software installation CDs, etc. of all the software I have on this computer is still greater than the pain of no sound, a so-so screen, and a lousy battery. So, I carry two notebook computers with me when I travel. It’s pretty sad.

    Sometimes we don’t have the luxury of choice and we are forced to change. Today’s world is not what it was when I was growing up. It’s changing, and it keeps changing. My father worked for the same organization for 30+ years. We had dinner every evening at 5:30 p.m. when we all sat around the dinner table. That’s the life I knew. Set it on cruise control and enjoy the ride.

    However, that way of life is over. It was great while it lasted, but I doubt it will ever exist again.

    At 24, after my four-year stint in the U.S. Air Force and picking up my college degree, my first job out of college was at a high-technology start-up company. At the time, I had no clue how that experience would help prepare me for today’s economy.

    As many of you know, at a small company (especially a start-up in the high-technology industry) it’s all about getting the job done. Pulling all-nighters, working through lunch, and working 12-hour days is a regular part of life. “Whatever it takes” is a common phrase. The concept of comp time, sick days, and even vacation days (at times), are luxuries only enjoyed by others. On more than one occasion, I watched my vacation days evaporate on December 31. It’s not a particularly healthy lifestyle if you don’t pay attention to work/family balance.

    However, it did prepare me for the harsh reality of the new economy, one in which job security is minimal and one in which you need to prove your worth on a weekly basis, making it tough to avoid pulling your weight, and some extra. In short, one needs to bring their “A” game every week.

    I’ve spoken with many, many people who dream about “the way things used to be.” They say it was an easier and less stressful time, and they generally hold a negative view of technology because they feel it has cost jobs. They say that computers have replaced people.

    I agree, it was an easier and less stressful time. However, I submit that pressure and stress forces us to find more creative and innovative solutions. Walter Isaacson’s biography of Steve Jobs is the #1 non-fiction best seller, according to the New York Times. It’s clear that Jobs produced some of the most innovative and successful products and services of our time. Yet, he created a highly stressful and uncomfortable work environment. Emotional outbursts and “on-the-spot” firings were not unusual and directed at those who weren’t producing at the level Jobs deemed essential. Obviously, it wasn’ t the healthiest environment, but is there a better way to squeeze the highest performance from people?

    It reminds me of a quote from Tom Landry, who for many years was the coach of the Dallas Cowboys professional football team. He said “Leadership is getting someone to do what they don’t want to do, to achieve what they want to achieve.”

    Reading that statement makes me think back to the group of foresters I mentioned above. None of them wanted to change. They really didn’t see the benefit of the electronic devices over their proven pencil/paper technology. They thought it was great for the data processing folks who didn’t have to transcribe the paper notes any longer, but thought the field foresters were the ones who were paying the price by hauling around the handheld devices. Eventually, they succumbed to the technology and it became the “new normal.” Years later, many of them told me that they eventually tossed out their pencil/paper and couldn’t imagine going into the woods without their handheld computer. I’m sure there were a few die-hards who bought enough time until their retirement to avoid the pain of change, but the others had no choice to transition to the electronic age.

    One of the major changes the world is facing today is geography. With respect to our profession, digital geography (GIS) has a tremendous amount of upside. It’s not just a tool for scientists any longer. Digital geography in everyone’s lives is becoming more ubiquitous, from GPS navigation systems in your car to different location-based services (LBS) apps on your mobile phone.

    On the other hand, physical geography is working against some industries. It used to be that having a “local office” allowed companies to charge a premium for their service. Before the Internet revolution, how did you buy an airline ticket? When’s the last time you visited a travel agent? What happened to travel agencies? Whereas they had a valuable geographic advantage that linked the services providers (airlines, cruise lines, hotels, rental cars, etc.) to the consumer, that advantage disappeared almost overnight with the Internet revolution. At the end of the day, 90 percent of the travel agencies didn’t offer enough value beyond the geographic advantage to justify their existence.

    Think about other industries that rely on physical geography to justify their existence. Realtors, insurance agents, etc. I just recently dumped Allstate as my automobile insurance provider and signed up with GEICO. Allstate has a local agent, or three. GEICO doesn’t, as far as I know. Do I care? No. In the five or so years I was with Allstate, I don’t remember ever meeting the agent. He’s doing a disservice to Allstate and to himself. He’s made himself insignificant.

    That’s really what it boils down to in this economy. How much value do you bring to your organization? If you call in sick tomorrow, does anyone care? Have you made yourself valuable enough to your organization that they can’t afford to let you go?

    Recently, one of my Facebook friends posted a quote from George Monbiot. I don’t know if it is an original quote of his or not, but here goes.

    “If wealth was the inevitable result of hard work and enterprise, every woman in Africa would be a millionaire.”

    It’s really not about how hard you work. Most of us probably couldn’t keep up with the woman in Africa Monbiot is referring to with respect to hard work. It is about what you bring to the table. If your best skill is possessed commonly by others, then you’re relatively insignificant. That translates into poor job security and low pay. If you are indespensable to your organization, it will go out of its way to keep you employed and likely pay you what you are worth.

    Like it or not, the world economy is not going to return to what it used to be. We had one heck of a run starting with the industrial revolution. The 30+-year career like my father had is a rarity instead of the norm. Careers will be dynamic, moving from project to project. The more unique your skillset is, the better choice of projects you’ll have.

    Last week, I was traveling  and stopped by one of the golf course projects I’m involved in. The club hired a new assistant superintendent (greenskeeper). He is a very recent college graduate. Most golf course superintendents like to be outdoors instead of driving a desk. As a result, many of them aren’t technology savvy, especially when it comes to GIS and GPS technology. After spending a couple of hours with him, he picked up the concept and operation of the tree mapping system quite well. Then his mind started working and he started asking me about other things he could do with the system (mapping irrigation, drainage, greens, etc.). I suggested that if he could master this technology, he’d be a step ahead of the crowd in his chosen profession.

    “Yep,” he said, “one more thing to add to my resume.”

    He probably didn’t understand how profound that statement was.

    Thanks, and see you next time.

    Follow me on Twitter at http://twitter.com/GPSGIS_Eric

  • Is the Geospatial Bottleneck Software or Data?

    I’ve been on a roll the past two weeks regarding intelligent transportation after my visit at the 2011 ITS World Conference in Orlando. Please allow me to touch on it once more and then morph into a highly related topic, sensor fusion.

    The 2011 European Satellite Navigation Competition announced the winners this week. The Special Topic Prize, the USA Regional Award, and the overall Galileo Master were awarded to MVS, LLC, from San Francisco, California, with its True-3D technology for its augmented reality and new navigation guidance system.

    Watch this 30-second Youtube video that shows how the the Virtual Cable application of the True-3D technology is implemented in a car navigation system.

    MVS, LLC’s Virtual Cable technology

    Courtesy of MVS, LLC. Components not drawn to scale

    Following is an eight-second demonstration of how the Virtual Cable technology could be used to assist navigating in the dark.

     

    True-3D and Virtual Cable are creative examples of new software/hardware being developed to take advantage of existing geospatial data to provide an innovative solution. There is a lot of upside to augmented reality over the next few years that will allow people to visualize geospatial data in ways you’ve never seen. I’ve used the example before of being able to visualize underground infrastructure such as utilities (gas, water, electric). Imagine being able to carry a tablet computer in the field, being able to hold the table flush to the ground and see underground infrastructure on the tablet screen.

    Given the above, do you think that geospatial software tools or data are the bottleneck in geospatial apps of the future?

    I think the bottleneck is data. Tools have always seemed to outpace data because, generally speaking, acquiring data has always been an ongoing labor-intensive activity moreso than software development. For example, think about GPS navigators in automobiles. There are hundreds of manufacturers of GPS navigator devices in the world and hundreds of GPS navigator software product makers in the world (the software that directs you where to turn, etc.), but there are only two major map database suppliers in the world (TomTom/TeleAtlas and Nokia/Navteq). Yes, there other very small competitors in the map database market, but these two dominate the market. Why is that? It’s just a tough task to create, manage and update the massive database of road detail and points of interest that change on an annual, if not monthly, basis.

    The geospatial bottleneck is further exposed when one considers indoor navigation (malls, office buildings, universities, etc.). Even though Building Information Management (BIM) has lagged in GIS, the bottleneck hasn’t been the lack of BIM geospatial data but rather the lack of a positioning sensors that allow reasonably accurate positioning indoors. With GPS, we have fairly good positioning with our planes, trains and automobiles (and mobile phones), and that’s driven the development of extensive map databases of outdoor features. That is going to change. There is a serious effort by many companies, and they seem to be making progress.

    Just this week, CSR (SiRF) introduced the SiRFusion Platform that is designed to fuse “multiple location technologies to make accurate indoor location and navigation a reality.”

    “The SiRFusion platform and SiRFstarV location architecture are the latest development to promote our vision of enhancing the mainstream consumer experience with a variety of location-enabled services and applications indoors and outdoors, seamlessly,” said Kanwar Chadha, Chief Marketing Officer for CSR and founder of SiRF. “With today’s announcements, CSR is demonstrating its leadership in taking location to the next level with our SiRFusion platform and SiRFstarV architecture for mobile devices, as well as with our SiRFprimaII SoC for in-dash and on-dash automotive infotainment products.”

    The CSR announcement reads “Instead of relying solely on GPS to determine position, the SiRFstarV architecture gathers real-time information from GPS, Galileo, Glonass and Compass satellites, multiple radio systems, such as Wi-Fi and cellular, and multiple MEMS sensors, like accelerometers, gyros and compasses. It then combines this real-time information with ephemeris data, mapping, cellular base station and Wi-Fi access point location data and other cloud-based aiding information using the SiRFusion platform.”

    Another promising technology is one being promoted by Locata Corp from Australia. Touting its technology as “GPS 2.0” in recent advertisements, the Locata technology doesn’t require line of sight to GPS satellites. In fact, it doesn’t require GPS satellites at all. It uses a ground-based constellation of transceivers so users can set up their own constellation of “satellites” in their office building, warehouse, university, or other GPS-unfriendly environment and enjoy centimeter-level accuracy.

    Locata Technology is used by Leica Geosystems in GPS unfriendly environments.

     

    Thanks, and see you next week.
    Follow me on Twitter at http://twitter.com/GPSGIS_Eric
  • Mapping What You Can’t See

    There’s been a tremendous push in the past three decades to map what is outdoors. While there is still a long way to go, the path to a complete, accuracy outdoor GIS seems clear. On the other hand, mapping the unseen and indoors is in its infancy, and the path to a complete and accurate GIS of unseen infrastructure (eg. underground) and indoors (eg. building infrastructure) is not clear.

    Cost-effective and efficient methods of data collection are the primary reasons for the proliferation of outdoor GIS. Remote sensing (satellite/aerial imagery, lidar, etc.), GPS, and other sensors have become common technologies for populating an outdoor GIS. If one studies the data sources in a typical GIS, they can be sourced to one of the technologies mentioned above.

    The challenge of populating a GIS with spatial details of hidden infrastructure and indoor features is purely a function of efficient and cost-effective sensors. Satellite/aerial imagery doesn’t help and GPS doesn’t help in either case. Therefore, new sensor technologies must be adopted that make data collection efficient and affordable. The good news is that there are many

     

    RF ID

    3D scanning

  • INTERGEO 2011: The World’s Largest Geospatial Conference

    INTERGEO, held in Germany every year, is the best all-around geospatial conference that allows vendors to showcase their technologies. With ~17,500 attendees, it’s certainly the largest geospatial conference in the world. From my experience, it’s also the best.

    Simply, INTERGEO attracts vendors who offer a collection of technologies from GPS/GNSS to remote sensing, 3D scanners, and mapping software that would satisfy the curiosity and needs of any geospatial professional. As I wrote last year, don’t expect to be tied up in sessions, this is a trade show where people come to visit the vendor booths, and the foot traffic is non-stop.The display booths are fantastic. Check out Topcon’s booth below. The seating looks like the airliner I flew in to Germany on.

    Topcon introducing Magnet, their Cloud-Based Precise Positioning Solution

    Lidar data processing and management software, such as Terrasolid’s solution, was common at INTERGEO. As the cost of high-precision data becomes much cheaper to collect, the bottle-neck becomes data processing and management.

    Lidar data management

    3D mobile mapping was a hot topic. This 3D Laser Mapping vehicle was used to help assess damage in Japan after the March 11, 2011 earthquake.

    3D scanning autos were abound on the trade show floor

    The world’s leading GNSS receiver manufacturers attend in full force. You’ll see every major vendor.

    Javad GNSS displaying their receivers as well as their new iPad app

    As expected and reported over the past few years, the market for machine control products is developing and expanding. There were a number of interesting displays, including this one from Moba AG.

    Demonstration of Moba’s excavator machine control system

    UAV’s (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) also continue to be a hot topic. The benefits of UAV for remote sensing geospatial activities are clear. What’s not clear is the commercial adoption of UAVs for mapping. Europe and other countries have been much more progressive than the U.S., which still severely limits the use of UAVs for non-government and non-university activities.

    UAV Mapping Vehicle Supplier Gatewing

    Of course, BIM (Building Information Modeling) is another significant trend and there were no lack of vendors at INTERGEO on that topic. The GIS world has just started to get a handle on mapping outdoors while indoor mapping is vastly untouched. OrthoGraph displays their indoor mapping app for the iPad.

    OrthoGraph Architect for iPad

    I heard some good things about OpenStreetMap. I’ve written about OSM before. Take a look at their website when you have a chance. Also exhibiting was OpenSeaMap.

    Open Street Map stand

    At the Nuremberg Messe, there was plenty of space to accommodate the ~17,500 attendees as well as an outdoor demonstration area.

    INTERGEO 2011 outdoor demonstration area

    On the second day of the INTERGEO conference, the Forum for Satellite Navigation (SatNav-Forum) held its one-day meeting. This was the first time it was co-located with INTERGEO. You can view the agenda here, though it’s in German so you’ll need to use an online translator. Note that yours truly gave a short presentation in the afternoon. Some Galileo literature I read tried to make the point that Galileo is superior to GPS and GLONASS. I tried to make the point that GPS and Galileo (Europe’s GPS) are complimentary systems, not competitive systems. By using both GPS and Galileo, high-precision horizontal and vertical data will be very easy and inexpensive to collect in the future. I hope I made my point.

    SatNav-Forum display at INTERGEO

    Back to the INTERGEO conference. If your company manufacturers something related to geospatial hardware or software, you’re making a big mistake if you are not attending INTERGEO. This is, by far, the single best conference in the world to attend in order to understand the latest trends and developments in GIS, surveying, engineering, and all other geospatial-related disciplines.

     

    Thanks, and see you next week.
    Follow me on Twitter at http://twitter.com/GPSGIS_Eric
  • Special Operations – SOFIC 2011

    SOFIC 2011, the Special Operations Industry Conference held in Tampa, Florida, received a lot of attention this year for several reasons. First, the apprehension and death of Osama Bin Laden by the Navy SEALs was a national attention grabber. Second, as irregular warfare becomes the norm, there is a growing need for unconventional operations. As a result, the Special Operations community is seeing their budgets increase while other military activities are seeing cuts. SOFIC was extremely well attended with over a one-hour-long line for late on-site registration. Thankfullly I pre-registered early.

    The conference was what one would expect with all the major defense industry players showing off some of their latest technology. Boeing was highlighting its A160 Hummingbird Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, a helicopter that can reach high altitudes, hover for long periods of time, go great distances, and operate much more quietly than current helicopters. It features a unique optimum speed rotor technology that enables the Hummingbird to adjust the RPM of the rotor blades at different altitudes and cruise speeds. One of its proposed GIS-related missions is as an ISR platform.

     

    Lockheed Martin was demonstrating HULC, a sci-fi looking exoskeleton that was surprisingly unobtrusive and intuitive for the user. HULC (Human Universal Load Carrier) is hydraulic powered, permitting users to carry loads of up to 200 pounds for extended periods of time over all terrains. The design permits deep squats, crawls, and upper-body lifting. HULC senses what users want to do and augments their ability, strength, and endurance. See the following video which does a better job of explaining its features and capabilities. For those of you doing field GIS data collection in remote locations it may be of interest as a way of carrying heavy gear over rough terrain. Click on the image below to view the video.

    Also on display was information about the new line of dirigibles for persistent surveillance and ISR data collection such as this Northrop Grumman Long Endurance Multi Intelligence Vehicle (LEMV). These airships are a hybrid blimp and ridged aircraft that have aerodynamic lift, designed to hover at high altitudes for long periods of time, up to 21 days. They can be manned or unmanned. One would think that these large slow vehicles could be vulnerable to small arms fire but the high altitude combined with a semi-ridged tough skin and low helium pressure make them almost immune to ground attack.

    GIS-related exhibitors included ESRI, BAE with the new version Socket GXP for imagery analysis and exploitation, and TerraGo showing GeoPDF creation and add on tools. Although there was no direct information about geospatial participation in the Bin Laden raid, experience teaches us that GIS played a part in mapping and reconstructing the compound using aerial and ground-level imagery with GPS guidance throughout the operation. In conversations with some attendees, we guessed that the compound was reconstructed to the last detail including construction using the same types of building materials so the teams could practice how tough penetration would be and the level of protection walls would provide. But remember, even at this SOFIC conference, those who really know won’t talk and those who talk don’t really know.

    One guess I’m confident about is that they practiced every possible scenario over and over again. In my personal experience during my Navy career, I was the Weapons Officer of the USS Forrest Sherman DD-931 which was part of the Iranian hostage rescue attempt in 1980. In 1980 carriers and large combatants didn’t operate in the Persian Gulf because everyone thought the waters were too shallow and the Gulf too small for carrier ops. As a result, we were the only combatant in the Persian Gulf and our job was to act as a ”horse’s twitch” attracting the attention of the Iranians in the northern Gulf while the helicopters came in from the south. The key lesson learned from the helicopter crash and failed attempt was practice, practice, practice and plan for every contingency.

    At trade shows I always like to hit the small booths because that’s where the innovation shines. Several smaller vendors had items of interest to us GIS people. One example that may be of interest to GIS field operators, especially emergency response command centers, was a very portable satellite dish antenna that is a precision inflatable ball. GATR Technologies makes the four-pound antenna that can be carried in a backpack and set up in minutes to provide 1.2-meter high-bandwidth communications. The entire equipment package is less than 50 pounds and the inflated ball was surprisingly stable, even in heavy winds, according to the GATR rep.

    Another high-tech GIS based technology was a robot swarm capable of performing many hazardous tasks. The science-fiction-like swarm, built by Solstice, can operate autonomously or as directed by an operator. The individual robots use GPS and IMUs to move to target locations and report back their position and data collected in the field. The location of the bots can be displayed on a GIS along with the data attributes collected. One example of their use was rapid combat airfield inspection. Dozens or more robots are sent out to inspect a proposed landing site for potholes or FOD (debris that can pose a jet engine intake hazard). Then the bots can line up and provide approach and runway illumination.

    You probably have seen toy remote control helicopters sold in specialty gift stores. The Shadow and Dark Shadow are serious versions designed for surveillance and data collection. Built by BCB of the United Kingdom, the remotely piloted four rotor helos have a 2.5 lb. payload and a 70-minute flight duration on internal battery power. They can easily carry still or video cameras.

    The booth that tickled me the most was a young inventor’s new design for a lowly tent stake. When I saw it I wanted to do a Homer Simpson “D’oh, why didn’t I think of that?”  Eric Simonson, shown here, inventor and president of ToughStake, solved the annoying problem of tent stakes not working well in sand.

    He realized that the reason stakes pull out is that the load pulls the top of a traditional stake which pulls it over then out easily. Eric came up with a design that is genius in its simplicity. He built a flat metal shovel-like stake that has a steel cable and ring running from the bottom of the stake up to the load. Since the pressure is applied to the bottom the stake it is not pulled ove
    r but actually drives deeper. At his booth, Eric had a simple test box filled with dry sand so attendees could try it for themselves. I tried it and with the force of one arm I couldn’t budge it.

    His stake works equally well in normal soil, dry sand or snow. I could see this stake solving a lot of field installation problems such as setting up remote antennas towers, data collection gear, tents, and protective canopies. Well done to Eric for solving such a basic problem that has plagued many military field operations with such an elegant solution.

    And of course I have to end with a big “Bravo Zulu” (Navy talk for well done) to Navy SEAL Team Six.

     

  • Get It Surveyed (GIS)

    Ed. note: I originally published this article in 2010. I occasionally re-run it as it generally receives interesting reader response.


    Get It Surveyed (GIS) always brings out a small roar of laughter at the local RPLS chapter meeting. Hardee, har, har. The irony is that if you laugh at that joke, then you might as well wear a sign on your head that says “GIS Dummy.” GIS isn’t about accuracy. I’ve said it many times and I’m sure I’ll say it many more times. The fact is that the average land surveyor is only exposed to a small sliver of how GIS’s are used, namely parcel databases.

    Do you think when McDonald’s is planning (not building) a new restaurant that they care if the parcel accuracy is +/-  a tenth? Of course not, accuracy of tens of feet (or even hundreds of feet) suffices in the strategic planning phase. What they care about is a demographic analysis of the area, local competition, traffic behavior, etc. The power of GIS is that it can handle this sort of data and answer questions such as “show me all of the 3+ acre commercial parcels for sale within 500 ft. of Main St. and within 2000 ft. of the nearest Burger King.” Read this article that describes how a company is using GIS to find new restaurant sites. Do you think they care about pinpoint accuracy?

    Another GIS app that’s gaining momentum with the general public are predator GIS databases. You can check out Family Watchdog. Plug in your street address and have it perform a search. Do you think positional accuracy is important to users of this service? Having a correct address and other descriptive information is more important than +/- 10 feet positional accuracy.There are many thousands of GIS uses like the above that don’t require pinpoint accuracy. Would it be nice to have pinpoint accuracy in all GIS services? Of course, but financially speaking, it’s not realistic.

    The purpose of writing the above is to paint a picture of the scope of GIS. It’s much, much larger than what the average land surveyor is exposed to. It’s not just the part-time GIS technician at the local government office whose life goal seems to be making things difficult for you.

    As much as it may offend you (the typical land surveyor) to hear it, you can’t handle GIS. You can equate it to using Microsoft Word or Excel, you might use it daily and use some of its capabilities, but you really only use about 10 percent of what it’s capable of. So, the thought that a GIS professional should be “under the supervision” of an RPLS, from a broad perspective, is ridiculous. I know many RPLS’s and in trying to imagine some of them being in responsible charge of a GIS is an absolutely frightening thought.

    Ok, I’m not here to go on an RPLS-bashing tirade. In fact, the properly educated RPLS is vitally important to a GIS. Last Fall, I wrote a column emphasizing the importance of the RPLS and GISP collaborating together. I just want to put it in perspective because I hear from and read about land surveyors who complain about a GIS and about the incompetence of those running it, how land surveyors should be in responsible charge, etc. The fact is that most RPLS aren’t qualified.

    On the flip side, I’ve heard of a fair share of part-time (and full-time) GIS technicians who don’t understand the local statutes and who have no problem saying, with the utmost confidence, that “your survey is wrong.” These are the folks who “manage” the parcel database that the RPLS are used to dealing with. Not that this is always the case; in fact, there are many competent GISP, but those are primarily in the densely populated, metropolitan areas where there is a healthy tax base to support a full-time GIS team. Unfortunately, much of the U.S. is comprised of low-density (thus, low tax base) rural areas.

    Follow the Money

    As with trying to understand most processes in the U.S., the most effective way to find the answer is to follow the money trail. GIS is no different. Look at the Los Angeles County’s (California) Office of the Assessor’s GIS website. Pretty impressive. Now, look at the much less populated Modoc County (California) website with no GIS microsite.

    A discussion has been around for many years that promotes the idea of a nationwide parcel database so that the disparity between the quality of the Los Angeles County and Modoc County parcel GIS data is not so large. There’s even a book on the subject called “National Land Parcel Data: A Vision for the Future.” From its description, the book summarizes that “nationally integrated land parcel data is necessary, feasible and affordable.” However, the author goes on to admit that little progress has been made since 1980 when a National Research Council book called for such a national system. Why is that?

    Brent Jones (RPLS, PE) is the surveying/engineering/land administration industry manager at ESRI. He recently established a blog discussion on the website Spatialroundtable titled “National Parcel Land Data and Surveyors” and references the aforementioned book. There have been several comments on the blog from reputable industry people. It’s well worth reading the comments.

    I contend that, counter to the book’s conclusions, a national parcel database is not affordable…and I’m not talking about funding (necessarily), but culturally unaffordable. Case in point:

    Pat the RPLS files a plat with the county. Chris, the county GIS technician, reviews the plat and informs Pat that the boundary doesn’t match the county GIS so it will not be accepted as is. Of course, Pat blows a gasket, then re-checks the plat and verifies it’s correct. Pat then proceeds to educate Chris on the regional statute, thus establishing Pat’s authority. Chris bows and accepts the plat. Pat is fuming on the way back to the office because he doesn’t know who to charge the two hours of time spent educating Chris.

    Why does the story end here? I contend that land surveyors have boxed themselves into being short-term minded, extremely short-term minded….not quarterly, like corporate America, but even worse…hourly. How many times have you heard “I billed 110 percent of my hours this week?” spoken like they’ve earned a Bronze Star. Yes, it’s impressive to the boss and he/she may get a nice bonus at the end of the year, but it’s a very short-term attitude and part of the reason that land surveyors are trying to grab the wagging tail of the big GIS dog instead of walking shoulder-to-shoulder down the sidewalk.

    I’ve had several RPLS say to me “I’ve been actively looking for GIS work.” Translated: “I’m looking for someone to pay me to provide GIS services that I need to learn.” It’s not that easy. You didn’t get paid to go to school. The same is true here. The RPLS has to invest time into GIS. I’m not talking about just an online GIS course. It needs to be good ol’ OJT (on the job training). If I were Pat, I’d foster the relationship with Chris and have Chris show me how the GIS  works, what the procedures are, how the GIS data was created, how the GIS data is updated, what the plan is for updating, what Chris’s departments hot buttons are, how Chris’s budget is funded, etc. I’d even go the point of volunteering to enter some data to get a real feel for how the GIS works. This type of OJT is orders of magnitude more effective than reading a book or taking a class. During this OJT, Pat might also find out that he is weak in some areas important to GIS such as geodesy or database structure and needs to gear up in those areas.

    Hmmm… Just think if every RPLS association chapter reached out to its local city or county GIS department and started a collaborative effort to teach each other about the challenges that each faces in their jobs, both as RPLS and GISP. They would educate each other, understand each other better, and ultimately serve each other’s needs more effectively. Too simple-minded? I don’t think so. Which relationship do you think would be more effective when discussing collaborating on a National Parcel Database — meeting the local GIS department manager for the first time or meeting with Chris, with whom you’ve worked on a number of small, local GIS projects and already have a solid understanding of the GIS department needs, processes, strengths, and limitations?
    Thanks, and see you next week.

    Follow me on Twitter at http://twitter.com/GPSGIS_Eric

  • Alabama Tornadoes: This Editor’s Personal Experience

    Wall cloud approaching.
    Wall cloud approaching.

    Four years ago my wife and I moved to Lake Guntersville as our ultimate retirement location because it seemed to have ideal factors we were looking for — mountains, lakes, great fishing, mild weather, low taxes, low cost of living and genuinely nice people. This inland location had navigable water to the Gulf of Mexico and even to the Great Lakes. We liked the small town atmosphere away from coastal hurricanes, panicky road clogging evacuations, blizzard, earthquakes or big tornadoes. Well, so much for that plan as we had a front row seat to one of the biggest tornado events of the decade with one of the tornadoes passing 500 yards in front of our windows.

    Just like in the movies, on Wednesday morning, April 27, the winds started to pick up, tornado alarms sounded, and debris started flying, including outdoor furniture. The boathouse next to us had the shingles stripped off the roof like a deck of cards, and then big oak trees started toppling over. The lake looked like it was boiling violently as winds in Guntersville reached 130 mph. We could see countless power lines and transformers arcing green and then going dead. Many buildings and trees were okay while others were totally demolished.

    Downed trees caused much of the damage.
    Downed trees caused much of the damage.

    My visual estimate was that at least 10 percent of the power poles and lines were damaged or toppled. It’s now six days after the storm. Although utility crews have been busy putting in new poles and lines, much remains to be done and I’m doing this article on battery power from my car charger.

    This tornado event was unusual in that Alabama rarely gets more than one tornado at a time with most being the smaller F-1/F-2 storms. Tuscaloosa got the worst of it with an F-4 that stayed on the ground for 70 miles.

    Concrete block walls were no match for the 130 MPH winds.
    Concrete block walls were no match for the 130 MPH winds.
    This was a TV repair shop in downtown Guntersville.
    This was a TV repair shop in downtown Guntersville.

    Our county, Marshall County, was lucky with only 10 tornadoes during the 8 hour period. I don’t think any were over an F-2 but Marshall County still had 5 fatalities. Alabama had over 200 tornadoes that day with fatalities nearing 300.

    One thing that really impressed me about the people in Alabama is their resilience and willingness to help their neighbors. There was no hand wringing waiting for the government to help. Almost immediately after the first tornado you could hear the sound of chainsaws as neighbor helped neighbor dig out and clear the roads. This helped the city and county get most roads passable within a day.

    People helping people.
    People helping people.

    Local businesses helped also. Within 12 hours T.L.’s Barbeque and our favorite seafood restaurant, Crawmama’s, had a catering service set up in downtown Guntersville providing free meals for the National Guard, emergency workers and anyone who needed a hot meal. Crawmama’s is one of those hidden gems that serve seafood comparable to the best restaurants in New Orleans.

    After the tornadoes, NOAA captured ortho imagery of the affected areas using a King Air at 5000 ft. The imagery can be seen at the NOAA website. Pictometry is providing low altitude high resolution ortho and oblique imagery and there are stunning video clips of the Tuscaloosa tornado on youTube.

    The first tornado came and went so fast that I really didn’t have much time to ponder the event. However the unexpected surprise was news media reports that we could expect numerous tornadoes during the 8 hours following the initial tornado. The tornado alarms sounded again and again throughout the day and I can tell you from first-hand experience that getting through this was much easier thanks to the location based GIS services of my iPhone. Here is why.

    When the power was still on we had the luxury of watching the television news with Doppler radar and all the detailed graphics. Once the power went out all we had were tornado alarms, a portable radio and my lowly cell phone.  The tornado alarms were nerve racking since they went off so often. I later learned that the alarms are linked county-wide so a tornado threat anywhere in the county will cause all the alarms to sound. Radio stations were helpful but it was difficult to form a clear picture of the moving storms.

    IMG_1482The iPhone proved to be wonderful. It continued working even after power was lost so we could communicate with family members. From the first power outage until now the cell phone service continued un-interrupted. The service did slow and show weaker cell tower signals as the system switched to battery power and standby generators.  But it did continue to work.

    Most important, the iPhone radar mapping application from the Weather Channel provided us with a video loop of weather bands and their path on a Google map so we could see for ourselves how the storms were moving and if we would be affected. This really put our minds at ease most of the time despite numerous tornado alarms.  Throughout the day as we dodged other tornadoes, I thought about all the man-hours I and my colleagues spent in the early ’90s digitizing street centerline data and addresses ranges to build the digital street databases and other maps that are now the backbone of location based services.

    I never could get really excited about the tiny screens of smart phones but this tornado event and even more mundane applications such as navigation are making me appreciate these little devices. My iPhone has replaced my cell phone, camera, calculator, notepad, and now my GPS. I liked the navigation and Google maps of my iPhone but many times, such as in DC traffic, it was hazardous looking at the screen. So I was very pleasantly surprised with an application that turns the iPhone into a full featured car navigation system including voice navigation and real time traffic. The MotionX GPS Drive  is one of the hottest selling applications for the iPhone and I’m a convert. I bought a mounting bracket that lets me mount the iPhone on the AC vent of any rental car and I now don’t bother packing my old GPS. The only downside is that it uses up the iPhone battery so I have a 12v adapter to keep it charged when using navigation.

     

    That little iPhone and GIS keep making my life better. So for all the hand wringers nearly panicked that their iPhone tracks their location and worried about their privacy, my vote is for more and better location-based services.

    Photos: Art Kalinski