Fitness wearables disconnected for one day and counting
Garmin fitness devices have been disconnected for nearly a day after the company suffered a major outage, reports the Verge.
The outage may be caused by a ransomware attack. The outage was first reported by Garmin July 23. It affects Garmin wearables, apps and call centers, which has made customer support impossible.
The message on the Garmin Connect website reads, “We’re sorry. We are currently experiencing an outage that affects Garmin.com and Garmin Connect. This outage also affects our call centers, and we are currently unable to receive any calls, emails or online chats. We are working to resolve this issue as quickly as possible and apologize for this inconvenience.”
Garmin Connect allows customers to obsessively track their exercise performance and fitness goals. FlyGarmin, the navigation service that supports Garmin’s aviation devices, has also been down affecting some pilots, reports ZDNET.
The ransomware attack has encrypted Garmin’s internal network and some production systems, according to ZDNET. The company is planning a multi-day maintenance window to deal with the attack’s aftermath, which includes shutting down its official website, Garmin Connect, FlyGarmin, and even some production lines in Asia.
Digital twin technology emerged a decade ago to provide 3D virtual replicas of physical assets. Today, with Big Data and internet of things (IoT) capabilities, it is a complex and comprehensive method to support the construction of smart cities.
Mapping Shanghai with the AlphaUni 900. (Image: CHC Navigation)
As a virtual model, a digital city can be an indispensable tool to visualize the life of a city in real time. It provides layered data about buildings, urban infrastructure, utilities, businesses, and the movement of people and vehicles. By providing this information, digital twins enable intelligent urban development and modernization.
Traditional methods of collecting and representing 2D spatial data, such as maps and images, are insufficient to meet the requirements for digital twin city models, where digital data provides the foundation for large-scale projects.
For example, the derived 3D models must have a high capacity to be merged and correlated with social or economic spatial data from IoT and Big Data. Because of this, a high demand exists for global, accurate, real-time geospatial data that provides high-precision 2D and 3D information.
Proof-of-concept
To illustrate a typical digital cities project, CHC Navigation (CHCNAV) carried out a proof-of-concept demonstration in the Jinshan district of Shanghai for one month in March and April.
The total area of the Jinshan district is approximately 600 km2. This area contains rich terrain features and typical characteristics of large, modern cities, such as high buildings, power lines, rivers and vegetation.
Extracted 3D mesh created from the data. (Image: CHC Navigation)
The traditional method of capturing with a single-platform lidar system may leave some areas blank in the point-cloud data. CHCNAV’s AlphaUni 900 lidar solution, with its multi-platform capability, was able to capture complete data with four different platforms: an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a car, a backpack and a boat or unmanned surface vehicle (USV).
The AlphaUni series provides optimized data sets powered by advanced GNSS/inertial navigation system (INS) sensors and long-range scanners.
Point cloud from aboard an Apache6 USV mapping a water channel. (Image: CHC Navigation)
During the project, the CHCNAV AlphaUni 900 seamlessly integrated the district’s buildings in the data sets and provided a sophisticated 3D image from both indoor and outdoor environments. Its high-accuracy capability and multi-platform design can improve the way high-precision data is collected. It successfully provides an innovative solution for the problems of 3D geospatial data acquisition required for the development of smart cities.
The creed “Neither snow nor rain nor heat” may apply to postal workers, but it also could apply to land surveyors.
Today’s surveyors rely on GNSS as a critical tool to enable completion of their tasks, whether defining a property boundary or mapping mining drill sites.
In the articles that follow, surveyors share their success stories using the latest GNSS receivers, software and correction services, all of which are constantly improving to make their tasks easier — despite the terrain or weather conditions.
How one man triumphs
Adam Plumley is a one-man surveying shop in North Carolina. He also wears another hat as a sales, support and product development consultant to Javad GNSS.
“As a land surveyor, I use the equipment every day,” Plumley said. “Javad’s equipment has made it possible for me to operate solo.”
Photo: Stephen Drake
In the project pictured above, Plumley surveyed a 50-acre farm parcel to separate out the six-acre improved northeast corner. “I located the creek, building and improvements on the property east of the road and ran the lines to the creek on the west side of the road.”
The difficult locations on this 2016 survey were at the creeks. It took Plumley up to a half hour to locate the corners and creek points under the tree canopy.
“It would have taken much longer than it did if I had traversed the boundary conventionally,” he said, “not to mention I would have been much more tired at the end of the day.”
Instead, Plumley used a Javad GNSS Triumph LS and Triumph 2 base/rover system with corrections broadcast over the internet.
“I set up the Triumph 2 base about one mile away in an open yard with great sky view. It took me one day to do the initial recon and locations, and another couple of hours to set the new corners the next day,” he said.
Plumley has since upgraded his base receiver to another Triumph LS and added a J-Link 35-watt external radio to his toolbox.
“One thing this and other challenging surveys have taught me is to be patient. To obtain accurate results that you can be confident in takes time.”
About our cover
Our cover photo this month was taken in June 2019 by surveyor Stephen Drake, near his home on the north coast of California. “These redwood forests and very rugged, remote coastal mountains can really test you,” he said. He was using his Javad Triumph-LS rover with the J-Field built-in surveying software, communicating to a Javad GNSS Triumph-2 base station attached to his house. A Verizon Jetpac mobile hotspot (in the black pack hanging below the Triumph-LS in the photo) picks up signals from his home router; the port-forwarded corrections are configured with Javad software.
Stephen calls this his standard configuration, but finds it very flexible. When he is more than 20 miles from home base, he relies on a Triumph-2 and a radio modem placed near the site. He can also use the California Real Time Network (CRTN) with the Jetpac.
He also relies on Javad’s Hybrid RTK, automated post-processing with Javad’s DPOS, automatically generated raw data and quality reports, and the many built-in indicators in J-Field that provide real-time feedback and “give me assurance on almost every measurement before I walk away from it,” he said.
The efficiency that his equipment provides has made Stephen valuable even to firms that already have in-house surveyors, he said. “I honestly do not think I would be here without Javad. It has been a true potent business partner.”
Empowered by a high-precision inertial measurement unit (IMU) on the Ultimate version, the Oscar from Tersus GNSS is a new generation of tilt survey receiver. Its calibration-free tilt compensation is immune to magnetic disturbances — holding the survey pole upright is no longer necessary. Powered by Tersus ExtremeRTK GNSS technology, Oscar can provide high accuracy and stable signal detection.
The built-in high-performance antenna can speed the time to first fix (TTFF) and improves anti-jamming performance. With a Nano-SIM card, Oscar can access the internet and transmit and receive correction data through 4G/Wi-Fi. The built-in UHF radio module supports long-distance communication. A detachable smart battery can display power levels. Two batteries support up to 16 hours of fieldwork in 4G/3G/2G-network and rover-radio mode. Oscar can be configured through a 1.54-inch interactive screen on the Ultimate and Advanced versions. The IP67-rated rugged housing protects it from harsh environments.
The Tersus Caster Service (TCS) helps surveyors set up a GNSS base station quickly to broadcast a correction stream via mobile networks. Natively supported by FieldGenius and Nuwa App, Oscar can be configured to different work modes to suit various daily jobs.
Satellite Tracking. Oscar supports multi-constellation and multi-frequency satellite tracking, including GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo, SBAS and QZSS.
Accuracy. With enhanced positioning accuracy and constellation tracking, even in harsh environments, Oscar controls deviation within 3cm in surveying and mapping applications.
Quick Fix. Oscar can fix integer ambiguity rapidly after tracking satellites and receiving correction data: 3–5 seconds in the open sky, and 10–30 seconds under canopy or near buildings.
When someone imagines the Australian outback, they’re picturing Australia’s largest state, Western Australia (WA), which occupies an entire third of the continent.
Nearly all WA residents live in Perth, with the rest of WA reminiscent of the United States’ historic Wild West — sparsely populated towns with little infrastructure. That wild beauty and remoteness can also make surveying a less-than-beautiful experience.
“The outback of WA is a real test on my adaptability and logistics skills,” said Phil Richards, a professional surveyor and associate director with Perth-based RM Surveys. “It can take 1.5 days to get to your first site and once there, you’re totally isolated with no resources — and climate conditions that can range from 0 to 50 degrees Celsius. The sparse, rugged road systems make navigating anywhere a long journey. And if the weather turns bad on your job and you didn’t plan well, you could be completely stranded.”
Technological challenges that add to the complexity: limited mobile phone service, time-consuming RTK base station setups, inconsistent RTK cellular or radio communication, and geodetic control points that are difficult to access.
Advances in precise point positioning (PPP) technology, however, have been helping to resolve these obstacles and enable surveyors to optimize their real-time productivity without sacrificing accuracy. For Richards, who specializes in remote surveying work, this modern GNSS enhancement has helped bring a little tameness to the wilds of WA, enabling him to increase data collection efficiencies, reduce costs and boost the company’s bottom line.
Camp breakfast: The R10 receiver rests on a spur while Phil Richards dines out. (Photo: Trimble)
The case for a new approach
With his aptitude for remote surveying, much of Richards’ project work in WA has been in support of heavily active mining companies. For example, for the past 15 years, one iron ore producer has contracted him to travel more than 600 kilometers from Perth to measure exploratory drill hole collars. Drill collars, the remnants of drilling activity, are 3-millimeter-thick segments of PVC, about 150 mm in diameter, which protrude about 300 mm out of the ground, typically at a 60-degree angle. Measuring the center of that above-surface collar is a crucial stage in the exploration process to enable the client to develop a geological model of the mineral resource underground.
Managing 10 prospect sites across 300 km, the number of drill holes can vary from year to year, but there can be as many as 100 holes spread out over a few prospects at a time. Since 2007, Richards has been using Trimble R8 and, more recently, Trimble R10 GNSS receivers and RTK technology to acquire the drill-collar measurements.
On average, each prospect is 5 km by 2 km and has its own coordinate network. Depending on the number of collars and the distance to each, Richards would set up between two and nine RTK base stations on known control points to set project control. Using his Trimble GNSS receiver, he’d either drive or walk to each drill collar, set the foot of the range pole on the center of the collar at ground level, take a reading and record the measurement in Trimble Access field software on a Trimble TSC3 controller. Although the need for multiple base stations had added hours onto the projects, the RTK method consistently provided the needed accuracy.
X hits the spot
In 2015, the iron ore company restructured its mineral exploration program. Rather than drill numerous exploratory holes across a few prospects, the new focus was to drill fewer holes spread over the entire project area. That was going to be problematic for Richards’ traditional RTK routine.
“Previously, when it was predominantly surveying and less traveling, the RTK approach worked well for the project, even though setting up base stations is time consuming,” said Richards. “But when that switched to less surveying and more traveling, continuing with RTK was going to increase costs because each time I have to set up my base station, that’s an extra hour. If I have 10 drill-collar zones, that’s 10 hours. And if my base station is 10 minutes away, it adds more time and expense if I have a problem with it, or I can’t get a reliable signal, and I have to travel back to it to fix it or move it. The reduced number of collars and the increased distances between them required a more efficient method to make the project profitable.”
Taking the R10 off the vehicle mount. (Photo: Trimble)
Richards decided to test Trimble’s CenterPoint RTX correction service as an alternative. CenterPoint RTX is built on a network of GNSS tracking stations around the world that stream multi-frequency, multi-constellation data to the company’s network control centers. Advanced data processing algorithms analyze the three main error sources: satellite orbits, clock offsets and atmospheric effects, and develop models and correction data. This information is delivered to GNSS rovers via L-band satellite communications. The rover combines the correction data with its own satellite observations to produce accurate positions.
Richards ran five trials in conjunction with varied exploration surveys at test sites across 1,000 km of terrain. He took RTX measurements of survey control points with his R10 and compared them to the same positions acquired with RTK. Although the CenterPoint RTX can take up to 15 minutes to reach sub-2-centimeter horizontal accuracy in WA, Richards said the technology regularly delivered on performance. Most importantly, this technique enabled him to work without a base station and obtain real-time GNSS positions with centimeter accuracy even in isolated WA.
Integrating Trimble’s CenterPoint RTX into his workflows enabled Richard to use a single GNSS receiver system, much like working within the VRS networks available in the more populated areas of Australia.
Into the Outback
For the 2019 campaign, Richards and a colleague were contracted to acquire accurate 3D positions for 13 drill-collar holes stretched across two major prospects about 150 km apart. Their area of interest was 700 km northeast of Perth.
Within a 15-km-wide area, they had to acquire measurements for eight drill-collar holes. They calibrated the R10 receiver to the nearest control point to tie into the site’s coordinate system and moved through the area, methodically recording the positions of each collar hole. Despite the rough terrain, they finished both prospect sites in 1.5 days, compared to 2.5 days had they used RTK.
“Given the project format, with so much travel time and less surveying time, RTX is really the only way to do it,” Richards said. “It’s far quicker than setting up base stations — I saved 50% of the time using RTX on this campaign. I’m more efficient; I’m able to keep costs down; and I have the confidence in the system that I know I’ll deliver on accuracy. It’s hard to justify using any other method.”
Helping the guard: For the Kentucky Air National Guard, Sibole surveyed for paint lines on the taxiway for C-130 aircraft. (Photo: Matt Sibole)
Like Adam Plumley, Matt Sibole is also a solo surveyor and a Javad GNSS advocate. Based in Kentucky, Sibole tackles up to 140 jobs a year, which he would be unable to do using only a total station or a robotic station. Instead, he relies on the accuracy of GNSS.
He particularly relies on J-Field, the Javad GNSS data-collection software. When using the software’s “Boundary Profile” feature, he can get a fix, then re-initialize and get another fix that he can then compare in real time to the previous fix.
“J-Field keeps all fixes in memory to compare to each other, until you get a group of fixes that agree with each other to verify which fix is the correct fix,” Sibole explained. “We all know that a fix is not necessarily the ‘right’ fix. Javad’s J-Field program will give the user the confidence to know in real time that the shot is correct.”
“J-Field also has a relative accuracy calculator built in to verify that I meet minimum standards in the field before I leave the site,” Sibole said.
Up to the challenge: In a nine-month project, Drake’s team used a Triumph-LS for slope-staking along a four-mile stretch of California’s SR 36 near Dinsmore. The federal project will realign and improve the deadly switchback single-lane curves of the mountain pass. (Photo: Stephen Drake)
In the mountains of Northern California, a dangerously twisting stretch of road — the site of numerous fatal accidents — is being widened and realigned. Because it passes through the Six Rivers National Forest, the Highway 36 project is managed by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in partnership with Caltrans.
Surveyor Stephen Drake and his wife and business partner Mary Drake are using the Javad GNSS Triumph-LS to tackle the tricky assignment.
“We started this job in June 2017 shortly after founding Lost Coast Land Surveying,” Stephen explained.
“We ran slope staking and culvert cross-section/staking through about March 2018. We returned off and on to do topo mapping in areas that had landslides and other control surveys to support Mercer-Fraser [the construction contractor] grade-checking crews. We provided the control they calibrated their GPS systems to, based on the control we received from FHWA and Caltrans.”
Because of various troubles, such as landslides, the project is still a season from finishing, though the Drakes’ contribution is mostly complete.
The Drakes had tackled similar jobs, including on the Chiniak Highway near Kodiak, Alaska. Still, the task was daunting. The surveyors had to set catch points every 50 feet for four miles on both sides of the highway, 200 feet upslope and 100 feet downslope. “I have learned that the way to the end is one stake at a time, start, and keep going,” Stephen said.
The couple had to juggle home life with three boys with long days at the job site. Sometimes Mary had to remain home. “Usually I tried to hit more moderate slopes on those days,” Stephen said. “We bounced around the project a bit, some days only covering a 250-foot stretch because it was slow going scaling the slopes.”
The FHWA contracting officer, a veteran Federal Highways engineer, marveled at the efficiency of the modern surveying methods used by the Drakes, telling Stephen that two six-man crews used to be needed to accomplish what the couple could today.
“I will attribute a huge part of our efficiency to the Triumph-LS advantage,” Drake said, as well as the couple’s 20-year track record in environments as diverse as the Arctic, the Everglades and Arizona.
“During the course of the project we received a lot of comments from ‘I don’t know how you are doing this’ to ‘You are superhuman’ at one point,” Stephen said. “But it is just being tough, tenacious and Javad.”
All told, the surveyors set more than 2,000 stakes. “We got the toughest part of the job going for them,” Stephen said.
The Government of Nepal has completed fieldwork for measuring Everest’s height using GNSS equipment from Trimble, including the robust R10 receiver.
The Survey Department of the Government of Nepal has completed fieldwork for the National Initiative for the Measurement of the Height of Sagarmatha (Mount Everest). The Nepali survey team summited at 3 (local time) May 22, 2019 (by the Nepali calendar, that’s २०७६ जेठ ८, or June 8, 2076).
The summit team of Chief Survey Officer Khim Lal Gautam and Survey Officer Rabin Karki was supported by mountain guide Tshiring Jangbu and two of his fellow Sherpas.
The ascent was dark, windy and treacherous — the team had to make optimal use of the limited time that the hazardous conditions and their oxygen supplies afforded. The primary surveying task was to collect GNSS observations with the Trimble R10 GNSS receiver they carried.
On the summit: Chief Officer Khim Lal Gautam, Survey Officer Rabin Karki, Sherpa Tshiring Jangbu, and the Trimble R10. (Photo: Trimble)
Due to the limited time window on the summit, they had essentially one shot at the GNSS observations. The R10 was configured to begin collecting observations on power-up. During training and test observations before the ascent, the R10 had proven to be exceptionally reliable, with no malfunctions.
Compact size, light weight and durability were important factors for the receiver chosen for the summit observations. The IP67-rated R10 with internal battery weighs 1.12 kg (2.5 lb.) and operates in a temperature range of –40° C to +65° C (–40°F to +149° F). Its solid alloy housing withstands a 1-meter drop. The only concern for the team on the final ascent was to keep the battery and spares warm.
The R10 recorded 1 hour and 16 minutes of GNSS observations. The static data (observations from GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou) was post-processed using Trimble Business Center software together with observations from eight GNSS reference stations established as an active control network for the survey. Several of the reference stations were Trimble NetR9 network receivers with Zephyr Geodetic antennas.
The team also used a compact ground penetrating radar (GPR) instrument to determine the distance between the top of the ice/snow cap on the summit and the highest point of solid rock beneath.
Many of the successive accepted heights for Everest have been to the top of the ice cap, which can vary seasonally by several meters. A goal of the survey is to provide heights for both aspects of the peak. An additional reason to establish a new height for Everest is to determine whether, and by how much, the 2015 earthquakes in the region altered the mountain.
Photo: Trimble
While the Nepalese survey team’s GNSS observations on the summit will yield the height, the final orthometric elevation will be achieved by applying an updated gravity model. The gravity model was refined from supporting surveys on the mountain and surrounding region.
A total of 298 new gravity observations were performed over several years, with companion GNSS observations on each control point. More than 248 kilometers of precise leveling, supplemented with trigonometric leveling, was performed for the network of control and base receiver locations. Instruments employed for these terrestrial surveys included Trimble DiNi levels and S9 total stations.
Trimble GPS/GNSS instruments have been to the Sagarmatha summit on multiple occasions, including in 1990, 1998, 2005 and 2012. The R10 represents the lightest and most compact of these to date.
By prior agreement between Nepal and China, the results of the 2019 Nepali survey, and a May 2020 Chinese survey, will be jointly announced. Official results are expected this summer.
Featured photo: A GNSS reference station network was established before the survey to provide data for post processing, and to support additional surveying and geophysical studies of the region. (Photo: Trimble)
The eLoran transmission site at Incheon, South Korea. (Photo: UrsaNav)
South Korean is in the early stages of evaluating its eLoran system, but great results are expected based on the UrsaNav-supplied station in Incheon.
In August 2018, the Korea Research Institute of Ships and Oceans Engineering (KRISO) awarded UrsaNav, through its agent Dong Kang M-Tech, a contract to supply and install an eLoran transmitter testbed system in South Korea. UrsaNav is the exclusive, worldwide distributor of Nautel’s NL Series transmitters, provided eLoran transmitter technology, as well as timing, control and differential reference station equipment for the testbed. The contract represented the first phase in a broader program to upgrade Korea’s Loran-C stations to be the foundation of a sovereign Enhanced Loran (eLoran) positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) service.
“The Republic of Korea recognizes the challenges associated with relying solely on space-based signals, the relative ease with which those signals can be jammed or spoofed, and the necessity to provide trusted time and trusted position to its citizens and critical national infrastructure,” said Charles Schue, CEO of UrsaNav.
The 35-meter eLoran transmit antenna in Incheon. (Photo: UrsaNav)
Many critical infrastructure sectors rely on accurate time and position, including maritime, aviation, electrical distribution, telecommunications, finance/banking, and digital broadcast. A complementary PNT (CPNT) service provides continuity of operations through alternative and diverse timing and positioning information. CPNT is a vital element in ensuring national security and assuring trusted time and position.
KRISO, in conjunction with the Korea Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF), is developing an Initial Operating Capability eLoran system to provide complementary PNT services as a part of its Electronic Navigation (E-Navigation) mission. KRISO selected UrsaNav Inc. as its prime eLoran systems contractor through a competitive tender offer.
UrsaNav provided, installed and tested an eLoran transmission system at a temporary location near Incheon, South Korea, in November 2019. The company also provided ancillary equipment for Additional Secondary Factor (ASF) map measurements and map-generation software, as well as differential reference station equipment to KRISO. Because of land size restrictions at the temporary site at Incheon, the eLoran transmission system was paired to a small footprint 35-meter top-loaded monopole antenna.
In addition to the equipment provided by UrsaNav, MOF separately contracted a local Korean firm to provide an interim GPS receiver set to synchronize the existing Loran-C sites at Pohang and Kwangju to UTC.
KRISO is in the early stages of measuring the performance of the Korea eLoran system, but results are expected to show better than 20-meter navigational accuracy within 30 kilometers of the differential reference station at the port of Pyeongtaek.
Once the eLoran performance has been proven, MOF plans to move the Incheon eLoran equipment to a permanent site, potentially on the island of Socheongdo, and pair it with a larger “Tee” antenna to increase the output power and coverage area of the system.
MOF also plans to upgrade the existing UTC synchronized Loran-C transmission sites at Pohang and Kwangju with new eLoran transmission equipment systems. The ministry will potentially add two additional transmission sites to provide complete coverage of the land and territorial waters of South Korea.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security “did exactly what was required by Congress” in issuing its report in June on positioning, navigation and timing (PNT), according to a letter sent by numerous PNT companies to the DHS.
The July 17 letter to Chad F. Wolf, acting secretary of Homeland Security, refutes a previous letter from Congressional representatives that the report contained numerous errors and failed to address many of the things Congress had required.
“We believe that some key claims made in the members’ letter of June 9 are either exaggerated, irrelevant to the report’s Congressional tasking, or simply wrong,” states the July 17 letter, which is signed by senior executives of Satelles, Orolia, Iridium, Navsys, Jackson Labs, Seven Solutions and Qulsar.
The group takes on the claims of the representatives point by point, finding them exaggerated, irrelevant or incorrect.
For instance, the letter critical of the DHS report states:
“The report focuses on the needs of ‘industry’ largely ignoring the needs and impacts on public services (including first responders), government operations, and individual citizens.”
In response, the industry representatives state:
“The focus of the report, as directed by the NDAA, is on the requirements of the owners and operators of national critical infrastructure. This includes “public services, government operations,” and its beneficiaries, “individual citizens.” To the extent that the report focuses on incentivizing the industry, it is in order for it to be able to meet these requirements.
“While the report only highlights PNT use cases from a subset of the 16 critical infrastructure sectors, their pragmatic recommendations address a range of requirements across all sectors. With respect to PNT needs for backing up GPS, DHS acknowledges the differences between and commonalities among the sectors and offers exceptional guidance for leveraging the capabilities of diverse forms of commercially available alternative PNT rather than endorsing a single, anti-competitive, government-imposed solution.”
Last week, 27 members of the U.S. House Agriculture Committee sent a letter to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Ajit Pai. In it, they urged him to reconsider the FCC’s decision to allow Ligado Networks to operate a terrestrial nationwide network that the executive branch says will cause harmful interference to GPS signals for many users.
This concern and opposition from a sector not traditionally engaged in GPS or positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) issues is just one example of how the FCC’s decision — rather than putting the issue to rest — has instead recruited a whole new set of actors from across multiple sectors for the opposition.
Many observers don’t see this as surprising.
According to one observer, previously it was easy for many to assume the FCC would reject Ligado’s proposal. The entire executive branch had been vehemently opposed for years. So had aviation groups, the weather community, geospatial interests and some satellite communications concerns. With such opposition from so many important quarters, it was reasonable for many to assume they need not become involved. Now that the FCC has acted to the contrary, these interests have become well energized.
The FCC decision also empowered opponents to educate and recruit others who don’t normally think or worry about GPS and PNT issues, folks like farmers and agricultural interests.
As one insider said, “The existing opposition can now go to just about anyone in any sector and say, ‘This is going to happen and it will harm your operation. There are no ifs, ands, or buts. The FCC has decided’.”
Photo: Avalon_Studio/E+/Getty Images
Agriculture’s reliance on GPS
Agriculture is a good example. While not the sector that first springs to mind when most people think about GPS, farming has become dependent on augmented GPS for precisely and automatically driving machinery, minimizing fertilizer and pesticide use, and a wide variety of other productivity gains over pre-GPS operations.
“GPS is critically important to the commercial agriculture, mining, forestry and rural manufacturing industries. In fact, GPS has become the single most significant technological advancement for American farm equipment in the past two decades… [A 2019 RTI study] found that during planting season, if GPS were interrupted, the economic impact to the agriculture sector could amount to losses of $15 billion due to lower crop yields. Moreover, an earlier study suggested GPS-enabled precision agriculture could save farmers an estimated 10 to 15 percent in operating costs and purchased inputs. This same study estimated the benefits of GPS to precision agriculture between $10 and $17 billion.”
Department of Transportation studies have shown that high-precision GPS receivers, such as those used in agriculture, could be impacted within 3,000 meters of a Ligado transmitters. With tens of thousands of transmitters deployed in a nationwide network, this could pose a real problem for American farming.
Other sectors have also become involved in the opposition. The recently formed Keep GPS Working Coalition has members representing aviation, surface transportation, maritime, agriculture and equipment manufacturing.
This formal and public coalition, though, seems to be just the tip of the opposition iceberg.
Almost 100 dissenting organizations
According to some involved with protesting the FCC’s decision, there are nearly a hundred organizations and companies that are working in some way to have it overturned. These include multiple aviation, delivery service, agriculture, surface transportation, geospatial, weather, maritime, space and technology interests.
One sign of the influence they are having is an increase in concerns being expressed by members of Congress.
In addition to the agriculture letter, some of the most powerful recent examples are statements made during meetings of the influential House Committee on Appropriations. Rep. Ken Calvert (R-CA), ranking member of the Defense Appropriations subcommittee, spoke at length in opposition to the FCC’s action. His comments were followed in a similar vein by the vice chair of the Appropriations Committee, Rep. Peter Aguilar (D-CA).
Many of the questions being asked by the public and members of Congress alike were reflected in the letter from the Agriculture Committee members:
How did the FCC know that “its” tests were representative and valid?
Why does the FCC find that some degradation of GPS reception is acceptable?
Why did the FCC reject the executive branch’s testing criteria?
Was there a cost/benefit analysis?
The letter also asked the question that is on almost everyone’s mind: If and when there are problems, who is going to fix them?
The contest targets the design and development of drone-based applications or services, using a Galileo-enabled receiver, to address the European Union’s (EU’s) key priorities such as the Green Deal, and support the EU Recovery Plan for Europe.
Initial ideas should be submitted by Aug. 31. Wide participation from all EU Member States is expected.
According to ESA, the MyGalileoDrone competition seeks to tap into the EU’s innovative spirit to deliver applications and services to boost Europe’s competitiveness, resilience and sustainability. Applications should leverage and demonstrate Galileo’s added value, such as increased accuracy, availability and robustness of position, as well as integrity for a solution based on drone operations.
The market related to drone applications and services is growing rapidly, and European drone service revenues are expected to reach EUR 250 million by 2025. The European demand is estimated to reach EUR 10 billion annually, in nominal terms, to 2035 and over EUR 15 billion annually to 2050, creating more than 100,000 jobs.
With GNSS receivers implemented on almost all new commercial drones, Galileo’s and EGNOS’ added value is pivotal for the development and growth of drone services and applications.
In addition to designing and developing the application, contestants should prepare their drone- based application or service for commercial launch.
The solution should leverage Galileo to provide a position fix. The use of EGNSS is understood in the broad sense, and Galileo can be integrated in the flying platform, the ground control station, or in other devices supporting the operation, such as a smartphone or even in the frame of U-Space services.
“GNSS is a key enabling technology in this segment, ensuring robust navigation and reliability for a wide range of applications. The MyGalileoDrone competition aims to bring oxygen to European SMEs and entrepreneurs driving innovation. It will create jobs and growth in this promising market,” said Pascal Claudel, acting executive director at the GSA.
Focus on EU priorities
In times of post-COVID recovery focus, submissions should target applications and services that support key EU priorities, but the sky’s the limit. The GSA is looking for trailblazing ideas in applications such as smart mobility, sustainable agriculture or environmental protection, or solutions that exploit synergies between 5G and space data, or support the internet of things, or whatever might be the next big thing.
Deadlines and Prizes
The first prize in the MyGalileoDrone competition amounts to EUR 100,000, with EUR 60,000 for second, EUR 40,000 for third, and a fourth prize of EUR 30,000.
After Aug. 31, projects selected to advance to the development phase of the contest will be announced on Sept. 15. Participants will have until Nov. 30 to develop a demo version of their proposed application or service.
In the finals, the selected teams will perform a live demonstration and pitch their ideas to investors. During the development process, the applicants will receive mentoring and coaching from recognized experts in the drone market. These experts will accompany them as they build their application, develop tests and get ready from the business perspective to attract investors and move to market.
To register or for more information, visit the competition page on the GSA website.
