Author: Tracy Cozzens

  • Juniper partners with Point One for cm-level accuracy

    Juniper partners with Point One for cm-level accuracy

    Juniper Systems is partnering with Point One Navigation to enable Juniper’s Geode GNSS receivers to achieve seamless, centimeter-level accuracy through Point One’s Polaris RTK corrections network.

    The partnership will deliver integrated, field-ready computing and high-precision positioning solutions for demanding industries across the U.S., Europe and globally. By combining Juniper’s rugged mobile devices with Point One’s professionally managed Polaris RTK corrections network, users will benefit from unparalleled accuracy, increased field uptime, and reliable operation even in harsh conditions, the companies said.

    Point One’s Polaris RTK corrections network, with thousands of actively monitored base stations, provides critical positioning in applications such as environmental sciences, utilities, construction and geospatial mapping. When integrated with Juniper Systems’ Geode GNSS receivers, the result is a reliable solution for collecting highly accurate data in remote locations, the companies said.

    The partnership is already underway, with collaboration on new product packages, regional support, and joint outreach initiatives planned throughout 2025. Customers will benefit from coordinated service, expert guidance, and access to bundled solutions tailored to their operational needs.

  • ESA fights interference in Arctic tests

    ESA fights interference in Arctic tests

    News from the European Space Agency

    In its pursuit of strengthening European resilience in navigation, the European Space Agency (ESA) took part in Jammertest. Jammertest 2025 brought together 360 participants from 120 organisations across more than 20 countries, spanning academia, industry and governmental institutions.

    Incidents of deliberate GNSS interference are on the rise, wih attacks happening daily worldwide. Disruptions threaten safe operations of energy grids, banking infrastructure, emergency transportation and civil aviation, with an outage potentially costing billions of euros daily for Europe.

    Bleik on the island of Andøya offered a suitable setting for Jammerfest. (Image: ESA)
    Bleik on the island of Andøya offered a suitable setting for Jammerfest. (Image: ESA)

    Jammertest. In a complex coordination exercise among seven Norwegian public authorities and facilitator Testnor, Jammertest organisers broadcast real satellite navigation interference for participants to observe how their equipment (on vehicles, drones, aircrafts, helicopters and vessels responds.

    At nearly 70 degrees North and 300 km inside the Arctic Circle, the small village of Bleik on the island of Andøya offers the ideal setting for Jammertest. To the east, towering mountains act as natural barriers that contain disruptive signals, minimising their impact on civil society. To the west, its open coastline allows signals to be transmitted over the sea, supporting maritime participants in addition to air and land users.

    The event’s test catalogue is extensive. Organisers simulate everything from simple handheld jamming to complex multi-source attacks launched from several locations simultaneously, including from mountaintops. “The goal is that every receiver is knocked out at some point during the campaign,” explains Tomas Levin, senior principal engineer at Norwegian Public Roads Administration and head of Jammertest.

    “At Jammertest, the full GNSS chain sits along a table, from chip manufacturers to those developing the algorithms that run on them, to the companies building products around those chips and the ones integrating these products into larger systems,” Levin said.

    Photo:
    ESA’s navigation and telecommunications testbed vehicles are custom-built mobile test platforms operated by ESA’s Navigation Laboratory to support test campaigns for navigation and telecommunications services, most notably Europe’s Galileo constellation. (Photo: ESA)

    ESA engineers arrived with several missions. As in previous years, the team tested the robustness of EGNOS and Galileo signals when picked by a range of antennas, from simple mass-market ones found in smartphones to military-grade antennas, both stationary and mounted on a moving van.

    A key objective was to test the performance of novel receiver technologies developed under various ESA programs, comparing them to current technologies. The team also tested equipment provided by industrial partners under ESA’s Third-Party services.

    More than 100 TB of data were recorded and will support internal research. Moreover, these data can now be replayed at the ESA Navigation Laboratory, allowing industry to analyse how new equipment responds to real-world interference scenarios. (If you are interested in using ESA’s NavLab testing and consultancy services, fill out the contact form on the Consultancy and Testing page).

    Finally, ESA also oversaw tests of new EGNOS ground receivers being developed by European industry under Horizon2020 and Horizon Europe programmes. These receivers aim to improve the system’s robustness in its next generation.

    Multi-beam satellite navigation antenna test. (Photo: ESA)
    A multi-beam satellite navigation antenna test. (Photo: ESA)

    Several projects tested at Jammertest by other participants were funded through NAVISP, highlighting the agency’s role in fostering innovation across the GNSS ecosystem. 

    “Jammertest is a unique opportunity,” concludes Derambure. “Here we have the edge of technology, the edge of testing scenarios. There is nowhere else where we can test this material in real conditions. I believe Jammertest will become a mandatory step for any new satellite navigation receiver technology.” 

  • Study: Unlocking superior accuracy with advanced BDS services

    Study: Unlocking superior accuracy with advanced BDS services

    By Zhetao Zhang, Hao Wang and Yuanxi Yang

    The development of an Integrated Real-Time Precise Point Positioning (InRPPP) system leveraging BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) B2b, B2a, and B1C services has significantly enhanced satellite-based positioning accuracy.

    By resiliently utilizing these augmentation messages, the InRPPP system corrects satellite orbit and clock errors and mitigates ionospheric delays, outperforming traditional methods. Experimental results from both static and kinematic conditions demonstrate superior performance, showing improved positioning accuracy, faster convergence times, and greater stability in challenging environments. This breakthrough offers potential for applications in real-time navigation, precision positioning, and disaster monitoring, with a broader impact on industries requiring reliable and continuous positioning data.

    The implications of the InRPPP system are vast, with applications spanning multiple sectors that depend on high-precision satellite navigation.

    Satellite-based navigation systems, like the Real-Time Precise Point Positioning (RTPPP), are crucial for many industries that require accurate location data. However, these systems face limitations in areas with weak Internet connectivity or signal interference. BeiDou’s satellite augmentation services, namely B2b, B2a, and B1C, have emerged as a promising solution.

    Yet, integrating these services into one cohesive system for optimal performance remained unexplored. This study pioneers the Integrated InRPPP system, which integrates all three services including correcting satellite clock, orbit errors, and ionospheric delays, unlocking new levels of positioning accuracy. The results from this research address critical limitations in current satellite-based positioning technology, setting the stage for real-world applications in complex environments.

    In a 2025 Satellite Navigation publication (DOI: 10.1186/s43020-025-00172-x), researchers from the State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering and Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Science and Geospatial Information Technology of MNR, State Key Laboratory of Spatial Datum, and Hohai University introduced the InRPPP system, a new approach that leverages the B2b, B2a, and B1C services of the BDS.

    Scenes of the static experiment. The left and right panels denote the west and south sides of the station. (Photos: Study authors)
    Scenes of the static experiment. The left and right panels denote the west and south sides of the station. (Photos: Study authors)

    By combining these services, the InRPPP system corrects satellite orbit and clock errors while mitigating ionospheric delays. With enhanced accuracy, stability, and faster convergence times, this system has the potential to transform satellite-based positioning, offering more reliable and continuous service in real-time applications, especially in environments where traditional positioning systems struggle to perform.

    The InRPPP system brings a new level of precision to satellite navigation by combining the best of BeiDou’s B2b, B2a, and B1C services. Through this integration, the system corrects satellite orbit and clock errors with B2b and B2a services, while B1C handles ionospheric delays. This resilient approach allows the system to deliver superior performance, even in high-occlusion or remote environments. The static experiments showed the InRPPP system surpasses other methods, with a 59.6% improvement in positioning accuracy and a 65.9% reduction in convergence time compared to using B2b, B2a, or B1C individually.

    In dynamic conditions, the system demonstrated enhanced stability and reduced signal interruptions, achieving up to a 34.3% improvement in accuracy. The integration of these services increases the number of visible satellites, enhancing the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) values and ensuring better satellite geometry. This integrated approach not only improves accuracy but also ensures continuous, reliable solutions, making it a game-changer for fields like geodesy, navigation, and disaster monitoring.

    Academician Yuanxi Yang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the lead researcher behind the InRPPP system, remarked, “The ability to integrate multiple BeiDou augmentation services into a single real-time positioning system represents a major breakthrough. By leveraging B2b, B2a, and B1C, our system offers a more reliable and accurate solution than anything available today. In both static and kinematic tests, the InRPPP system has outperformed traditional positioning methods, demonstrating its robustness and resilience in environments where signal conditions are far from ideal. This system is already applied in real applications and has potential to reshape industries reliant on satellite navigation and positioning.”

    The implications of the InRPPP system are vast, with applications spanning multiple sectors that depend on high-precision satellite navigation. From autonomous vehicles and precision agriculture to disaster management and geospatial services, the enhanced accuracy and stability offered by InRPPP can support real-time decision-making in critical environments. This system also promises to improve the resilience of navigation systems in regions with poor satellite visibility or signal interference. As technology advances, the InRPPP system could pave the way for even more robust solutions, advancing global sustainability goals and improving disaster response capabilities by offering uninterrupted, reliable positioning data.

  • User-friendly GNSS software meets high-precision mobile mapping for modern surveying

    User-friendly GNSS software meets high-precision mobile mapping for modern surveying

    1. Dat Collection Software
    Intuitive workflows require minimal training

    JAVAD Data Collector (JDC) is designed to run seamlessly on any Android device and interface seamlessly with JAVAD GNSS smart antennas. JDC features simple, intuitive workflows that require minimal training, making it accessible for users of all skill levels. The software includes a Signal Bar for a quick view of receiver status, ensuring users can easily monitor their equipment’s performance. Its easy navigation allows users to move through the software efficiently. It is designed to streamline operations of customers ranging from individual surveyors to large surveying firms, making it easier to deploy and manage receivers across teams of any size with minimal training. JDC is available for download through the company website. JAVAD GNSS, javad.com

    2. Mobile Mapping System
    Lidar collects 2 million points per second

    Photo: CHC NAVIGATION
    Photo: CHC NAVIGATION

    The AU20 MMS is a vehicle-mounted mobile mapping system designed for accurate and efficient collection of 3D spatial data. It combines high-performance lidar technology, versatile sensor support and intelligent data processing to provide a practical and flexible solution for professionals in road surveying, asset management and infrastructure documentation. Its lidar system uses fourth-generation real-time waveform processing to achieve a scan rate of 2 million points per second and 200 revolutions per second, producing point cloud data with 5 mm accuracy and 3 mm precision. This level of detail allows for the identification of fine surface characteristics and features, supporting comprehensive asset inventories and condition assessments. The system’s long-range, multi-cycle laser technology enables high-density data capture up to 250 m in vehicle-mounted applications. CHC Navigation, CHCNAV.com 

  • Value line steering solution upgrades mid-range tractors with autosteering

    Value line steering solution upgrades mid-range tractors with autosteering

    1. AUTONOMOUS STEERING PACKAGE

    Allows upgrades of older machinery for small farms 

    Topcon’s has created a Value Line Steering solution for farmers using mid-range tractors on small- to medium-sized farms. It makes autosteering technology — typically used on larger machinery — accessible to a broader range of farmers. Farmers with older or smaller machinery, or small specialty farms, can boost the value of their machinery with the autosteering technology. The integrated system is designed to work across a wide range of applications, machinery and brands. It includes compliance with ISOBUS-UT  to offer universal compatibility and ease of use. The package includes a GNSS receiver, electric steering wheel controller, touchscreen console and Horizon Lite software, compatible with front-wheel-steer tractors. Farmers can add local, satellite or RTK correction services such as Topcon’s Topnet Live for enhanced precision.  Topcon, topconpositioning.com 

  • New GNSS solutions deliver high-precision positioning and spoofing protection

    New GNSS solutions deliver high-precision positioning and spoofing protection

    1. Precision card
    High-accuracy positioning with the mosaic-X5

    The M.2 card GW16160 is the first Septentrio-based product from Gateworks, a U.S.-based manufacturer of single-board computers. The GW16160 provides reliable high-accuracy positioning powered by the mosaic-X5 GNSS module, a high-quality positioning solution for autonomous robots, UAVs and industrial mission-critical applications. The GW16160 allows engineers to integrate high-accuracy GNSS into edge systems without bulky external receivers or complex RF design. This ultra-low power card features an M.2 A/E-Key interface with USB 2.0 connectivity for plug-and-play integration. Gateworks, gateworks.com; Septentrio, septentrio.com

    2. SPOOFING MITIGATION
    Can protect GPS, BeiDou and Galileo signals

    Photo: TRIMBLE
    Photo: TRIMBLE

    The Trimble RTX-NMA (Navigation Message Authentication) mitigates spoofing attacks on GPS and BeiDou signals. RTX-NMA leverages the Trimble RTX correction service and enhances the security and integrity of GNSS navigation messages for all Trimble ProPoint receivers. Used in conjunction with Galileo OSNMA, users now have three constellations protected from spoofing attacks. Trimble RTX-NMA seeks to detect both fake GNSS signals and faulty ephemeris data through real-time authentication that ensures navigation messages from multiple RTX reference station receivers are genuine and trustworthy. It also encompasses faulty ephemeris detection, preventing unreliable data from being included in the correction stream. Enhanced security through advanced cryptographic techniques like AES encryption, and stream authentication, take it a step further. Trimble RTX-NMA is compatible with various Trimble GNSS receivers using firmware version 6.40 or greater. Trimble, trimble.com

  • Four innovations strengthening navigation resilience against RF interference

    Four innovations strengthening navigation resilience against RF interference

    1. Anti-jamming antenna
    For defense, marine and critical infrastructure

    The CR8894SXF+ is an advanced controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) for anti-jamming. It is engineered to provide efficient interference protection and real-time situational awareness across critical infrastructure, marine and defense environments where GNSS continuity is mission critical. It is specifically designed to provide a low-power and lightweight solution in a compact size. It features advanced in-band null forming to protect GPS L1/L2 and Galileo E1/E5b signals, helping ensure resilient positioning, navigation and timing in environments with contested, congested or degraded radio frequency conditions. The antenna incorporates Calian’s eXtended Filtering interference mitigation technology to maintain performance and reliability when RF threats are present. The CRPA supports in-band null-forming of 20 dB to 40 dB and out-of-band rejection up to 80 dB across 700 MHz to 2,500 MHz. It includes two independent low-noise amplifier channels, allowing continued operation if one signal band is compromised. The antenna forms nulls in both upper (L1/E1) and lower (L2/E5b) GNSS bands to actively suppress jamming sources. A serial output interface provides real-time feedback, enabling users to monitor RF conditions and system status. Calian GNSS, calian.com

    2. PNT system
    Integrates GNSS receiver, INS, atomic clock

    Photo: SAFRAN
    Photo: Safran

    The BlackNaute autonomous positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) system integrates Safran’s HRG dual-core inertial navigation technology, the Skylight multi-mode GNSS receiver board, and an atomic clock to offer navigation resilience in challenging electronic warfare environments. BlackNaute’s built-in atomic clock is designed to maintain precise timing, which is essential for secure communications and collaborative combat operations. The system features advanced anti-jamming and anti-spoofing algorithms, which have been validated in more than 16,000 operational cases. These capabilities allow BlackNaute to detect compromised signals and automatically switch to autonomous and trusted navigation and timing sources to ensure continuity of operations. Its modular design allows it to be adapted across a variety of platforms. Airbus Helicopters has selected the NH90 to be equipped with this new Embedded GNSS and Time INS (EGTI). Safran Electronics & Defense, safran.com

    3. Interference detection
    Suite enhanced for greater accuracy, coverage and insight

    Photo: US NAVY
    Photo: US Navy

    HawkEye 360’s GNSS-I Detection suite includes powerful enhancements to its GNSS interference detection capabilities. The upgrades — designed with defense, intelligence and national security operations in mind — offer unprecedented accuracy, coverage and insight into global GPS jamming and spoofing threats. The update includes a new wider frequency algorithm that better distinguishes individual emitters, incorporates GPS spoofing detection, and is terrain adjusted for better geolocation accuracy, delivering greater situational awareness and more precise geolocation of interference sources worldwide. The enhanced product suite supports strategic decision-making by providing timely, precise insight into potential signal disruptions, enabling stakeholders to better assess risk, respond confidently, and maintain operational continuity in dynamic environments. HawkEye 360, he360.com

    4. VTOL UAS
    For complex intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance missions

    Photo: ESEN
    Photo: ESEN

    The GöKHUN unmanned aerial system (UAS) is a tactical vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) drone system developed for versatile missions on land or at sea. GöKHUN combines the compact mobility of a NATO Class I UAV with the performance data of a Class II tactical system. It uses the SP 210 FI GS 2-stroke engine from Sky Power International. With a take-off weight of up to 110 kg and a maximum fuel and payload capacity of 26 kg, the GöKHUN can remain in the air for up to 16 hours with a minimum payload. Even with a demanding sensor load of 12 kg, it can achieve a flight duration of around nine hours, making it suitable for long-endurance reconnaissance and surveillance missions. The GöKHUN’s cruising speed is between 96 and 158 km/h. The maximum range with direct line-of-sight is over 150 km, with the system reaching a service ceiling of approximately 5,500 m. ESEN, esensi.com.tr

  • Mayflower receives US patents for signals of opportunity anti-jamming tech

    Mayflower receives US patents for signals of opportunity anti-jamming tech

    Mayflower Communications Company, a Massachusetts-based leader in advanced anti-jam system solutions for military and commercial markets, has been granted two U.S. patents — US 11,262,457 and US 12,235,365 — that significantly advance its GNSS anti-jam capabilities.

    The patents expand Mayflower’s proprietary technology into signals of opportunity (SoOP), enabling interference suppression across both Iridium and GNSS frequency bands.

    GPS remains a cornerstone of positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) for both military and commercial platforms. However, its vulnerability to intentional and unintentional jamming and spoofing has underscored the need for more resilient PNT solutions. Signals of opportunity — non-navigational RF signals not originally intended for PNT — can serve as valuable backups when GPS signals are degraded or denied. But like GPS, these signals are also susceptible to interference and require protection to be viable contributors to a resilient PNT framework.

    Mayflower’s newly patented technology provides simultaneous protection of GPS and Iridium satellite signals within a compact, low size, weight and power (SWaP) footprint — critical for modern platforms operating in GPS-contested environments.

    “The issuance of these seminal patents by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office affirms Mayflower’s continued leadership in resilient PNT technologies for both military and commercial markets,” said Triveni Upadhyay, president of Mayflower. “Our innovative approach to filtering interference across multiple satellite communication systems — including Iridium — demonstrates our ability to meet the growing demand for GPS-alternative solutions. Leveraging signals of opportunity without significantly increasing SWaP is a key milestone in delivering more robust, operationally viable PNT systems. We’re excited to bring this technology to our partners across sectors.”

  • CMC Electronics and ÉTS launch major research chair in resilient aviation navigation

    CMC Electronics and ÉTS launch major research chair in resilient aviation navigation

    A five-year research and development program has been launched to enhance GNSS navigation for aviation, encompassing security, integrity and spoofing resilience.

    CMC Electronics is partnerinng with École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS) in Quebec, Canada, to create the CMC Electronics Industrial Research Chair in Resilient GNSS Navigation. The five-year chair, valued at more than $6 million, unites CMC’s avionics expertise, led by John Studenny, internationally recognized GNSS navigation expert and standards contributor, with ÉTS’s renowned LASSENA laboratory under René Jr. Landry, an expert in aerospace navigation and cybersecurity.

    The chair will tackle critical threats to GNSS navigation for aviation, including jamming and spoofing. CMC and ETS aim to develop spoofing-resilient GNSS receivers capable of real-time detection, mitigation and total recovery from spoofing attacks, setting a benchmark in aviation safety and integrity.

    Research focus areas

    The chair’s work spans several integrated areas that target key GNSS security challenges:

    • integration of spoofing detection algorithms
    • spoofing resilience grading and stress testing frameworks
    • recovery mechanisms and certification benchmarking
    • advanced integrity algorithms (ARAIM)
    • sensor fusion and authentication technologies for spoofing mitigation
    • end-to-end spoofing-resilient GNSS prototype
    • next-generation inertial sensors with built-in integrity

    Together, these areas aim to produce operational, spoofing-resilient GNSS systems suitable for aviation environments.

    Broader impact and strategic alignment

    The chair will train more than 65 highly qualified personnel (HQPs) and promote equity, diversity and inclusion in engineering. It supports initiatives to increase women’s representation and aligns with ÉTS’s strategic research fields in aerospace, cybersecurity, sensors and intelligent autonomous systems.

    CMC Electronics is co-leading the research program and industrial deployment, ensuring that the outcomes are fast-tracked toward secure, export-ready GNSS solutions. Safran Trusted 4D contributes specialized expertise, and Jaunt Air Mobility provides operational insights for flight testing and system integration.

  • Maxar Intelligence rebrands to Vantor, unveils AI-powered platform

    Maxar Intelligence rebrands to Vantor, unveils AI-powered platform

    Vantor has rebranded from Maxar Intelligence. The newly named company also unveiled Tensorglobe, an AI-powered spatial intelligence platform.

    The rebrand represents the culmination of the company’s multi-year journey to productize its core operational technology and transform from a satellite imagery provider into an end-to-end spatial intelligence company.

    According to the company, the name Vantor speaks to how the company unlocks a real-time competitive advantage by delivering total clarity for missions across the space, air and ground domains, ending the era of disconnected sensor platforms. “Vantor is solving the most critical challenges across the defense and commercial sectors, including the urgent need for more advanced battlespace systems and the push to unleash autonomy across every industry,” the company said in a press release.

    The company addresses these challenges with multi-domain spatial intelligence solutions that integrate sensor data across satellites, drones and ground-based assets to improve decision-making and drive autonomous operations at scale. Over the past six months, Vantor has launched several AI-enabled solutions, including:

    • Raptor: A software suite that integrates Vantor’s 3D terrain data with a drone’s native camera to ensure that autonomous platforms can navigate effectively and extract target ground coordinates accurately in the absence of GPS.
    • Sentry: A global-scale persistent site monitoring solution that can identify operational threats across hundreds of areas at once by integrating automated collection planning across multiple satellite constellations, including sovereign assets, with AI-driven data fusion and analytics.
    • Tensorglobe: An end-to-end platform that empowers organizations to build their own spatial intelligence system. Tensorglobe fuses sensor data from space, air and ground to create a living 3D globe, automating the intelligence cycle to keep this unified foundation up to date.

    Vantor has partnered with innovators across the defense and commercial sectors to jointly build integrated intelligence solutions. For instance, Vantor is delivering the foundational spatial intelligence for Anduril’s next-generation mixed reality combat system designed for the U.S. Army’s Soldier Borne Mission Command Architecture (SBMC-A) program. The company has also signed partnerships with Saab and Taiwan’s AIDC to integrate Raptor into mission-ready systems designed for contested environments.

  • Topcon launches Geomatics division ahead of Intergeo

    Topcon launches Geomatics division ahead of Intergeo

    Topcon Positioning Systems has created of a dedicated business structure focused on delivering high-precision technology, software and services for geomatics. The new organization consolidates and expands Topcon’s portfolio of surveying, geospatial and GIS solutions, while opening new pathways into emerging markets.

    The specialized division is an addition to the company structure, which includes established divisions dedicated to construction and agriculture.

    “Geomatics is entering a new era,” said Ivan Di Federico, president and CEO of Topcon Positioning Systems. “It is no longer only about collecting points and producing maps. Today, it is about capturing massive amounts of geospatial data, connecting multiple data streams, and delivering insight with the speed and simplicity our customers demand. Topcon’s role is to reduce the gap between field capture and business decisions. By elevating geomatics into its own global business group, we are signaling that this discipline is vital — not just for traditional professionals, but for every sector where spatial intelligence drives efficiency and growth.”

    Photo:
    Neil Vancans will lead the new Geomatics Sales Unit of Topcon. (Photo: Topcon)

    Neil Vancans, an experienced leader in the surveying and geospatial industries, has joined the company as the head of its new Geomatics Sales Unit. He brings decades of experience in senior leadership roles at companies including Leica Geosystems, Thales Navigation, Septentrio, and Altus Positioning Systems.

    “Topcon has the precision technology, the global resources, and the vision to reshape what users can expect from geomatics,” Vancans said. “The demand for accurate, reliable positioning is expanding rapidly, and our goal is to turn raw data into usable, actionable intelligence. That means creating value for customers, empowering dealers and partners, and ensuring that geomatics solutions accelerate digital transformation.”

    Topcon geomatics solutions — including the expanding Capture Reality portfolio — will be showcased at Intergeo 2025 in Germany, Oct. 7-9.

    For more on Topcon’s focus on precision, watch the video “Since Precision Exists.”