Syntony GNSS, the SDMIS of Lyon and CS-Group have released a demonstration video of the SubWAVE system, filmed at La Mine Bleue near Angers. The video highlights how GNSS signal emulation enables real-time tracking of first responders and victims in GPS-denied environments such as tunnels and mines. This advance allows for precise localization of responders and 112 emergency calls, while significantly enhancing tactical situational awareness during rescue operations.
Emergencies that occur underground — in tunnels, mines, or parking garages — present a critical challenge to first responders: the inability to rely on GNSS signals. Satellite navigation systems cannot penetrate dense materials like concrete or rock, often leaving firefighters and rescue teams without essential positioning data. This lack of visibility can delay victim care and increase risks for responders who are already operating in complex, unfamiliar environments.
The SDMIS of Lyon, noted for its expertise in deep confined-space operations, recognized this operational barrier. In partnership with Syntony GNSS and CS-Group, they produced a demonstration of the SubWAVE system at La Mine Bleue, a tourist site near Angers, aiming to show how real-time GNSS signal emulation can improve safety and efficiency in underground rescue missions.
Central to this development is SubWAVE, a solution created by Syntony GNSS. Unlike GPS repeaters, which only retransmit surface signals underground, SubWAVE generates realistic GNSS signals in real time, including altitude data adapted to different underground layers. These signals are fully compatible with standard GNSS-enabled devices, ranging from professional radios to everyday smartphones. SubWAVE broadcasts these signals through antennas or existing underground radio infrastructure, ensuring a smooth transition between surface and subterranean environments. As a result, responders can be continuously tracked without requiring specialized equipment or recalibration.
The demonstration video clearly illustrates the system’s effectiveness. Firefighters equipped with radios or using the Réseau Radio du Futur (RRF) were tracked in real time, enabling commanding officers to coordinate operations with new levels of reliability.
With GNSS coverage and responder localization now possible underground, a wide range of advancements are within reach. It becomes feasible to locate victims or lone workers, even without active signal transmission, by utilizing GNSS capabilities in mobile phones. Guidance and alert systems can be integrated into helmets or masks for first responders, and artificial intelligence can help map and analyze intervention zones, anticipate hazards, and enhance situational awareness. The technology also allows for interoperability between fire, police and EMS services through shared geolocation data, and may expand precise localization capabilities to complex indoor environments such as shopping malls or high-rise buildings where GPS is often unreliable.
These improvements represent more than mere technical upgrades. They mark a fundamental shift in how emergency services can operate in GNSS-denied zones. By embedding intelligence and connectivity throughout the emergency response chain, SubWAVE aims to redefine standards of safety and coordination in some of the most challenging rescue scenarios.
Syntony GNSS has introduced the Echo 4RP, the latest addition to its Echo series of GNSS record and playback systems. This new model builds on the capabilities of the Echo R&P, offering advanced features designed to address the evolving needs of GNSS testing and development.
The Echo 4RP expands its frequency range to include L, S, and C bands, surpassing the previous model’s coverage of 1100 MHz to 2550 MHz. This broader spectrum supports both current and emerging GNSS and non-GNSS signals, making it adaptable for diverse testing scenarios.
The system now supports up to four RF channels for simultaneous recording and playback, an increase from three in the earlier version. This enhancement enables complex testing setups, including multi-antenna configurations and Controlled Radiation Pattern Antenna (CRPA) applications, with precise phase synchronization.
The Echo 4RP delivers high-quality signal fidelity with options for 16-bit I&Q sampling at 93.75 MHz per channel or 8-bit I&Q sampling at 187.5 MHz per channel across all four channels simultaneously. These options provide flexibility to meet specific testing requirements.
Weighing less than 10 kilograms, the Echo 4RP combines portability with performance, making it suitable for both laboratory and field environments. Its compact design simplifies deployment without sacrificing functionality.
The system includes up to 32 terabytes of internal storage with a swappable SSD design, allowing extended recording sessions and efficient data handling.
The Echo 4RP is designed for a wide range of GNSS testing applications:
CRPA testing: Phase synchronization across all channels supports anti-jamming and anti-spoofing technologies for enhanced signal integrity.
GNSS spectrum analysis: C-band coverage allows exploration of new GNSS signals and services, aiding research into next-generation navigation technologies.
Transportation continues to be a key application area for GNSS and related technologies — both directly, as with receivers on trains, and indirectly, as in airport construction. For this month’s cover story, I chose three transportation-related projects that showcase different aspects of this relationship:
The project to triple the size of the international airport in Lima, Peru, and transform it into the Jorge Chávez Airport City. I posed a few questions to Carlos Ruiz Miranda, chief surveyor at the Lima airport project with SACYR, a Madrid-based global concessions, engineering and infrastructure and services company that specializes in large-scale infrastructure projects.
A train safety project in Vélizy, France. I talked with Joel Korsakissok, president of Syntony GNSS, a French company, which partnered for this project with Hitachi Rail, a global company headquartered in London.
A navigation test on San Francisco’s Market Street using an INS-GNSS integration from ANELLO Photonics, which specializes in silicon photonics and sensory technology. I spoke to Kirstin Schauble, Ph.D., director of systems engineering.
Trimble: Peru builds South America’s first airport city
A construction worker at Lima’s airport uses a Trimble GNSS receiver and a TSC7 controller. Requirements included precisely positioning the bolts for more than 700 seismic isolators. (Photo: Trimble)
On April 3, 2023, the first commercial plane took off from a new 2.2 mile-long runway at the Jorge Chávez International Airport, in Lima, Peru, headed for Tarapoto with 140 passengers. That same day, a Peruvian Air Force jet was the first aircraft to land on the runway. Both aircraft were monitored from a new 213 ft.-high control tower with a 360° view of the airport.
The new infrastructure is part of a larger $2 billion project to triple the size of the airport, turning it into Jorge Chávez Airport City. Additionally, third-party investment for the construction will exceed $400 million in the first phase. The continent’s first such venture, it will enable Peru to become one of its principal aviation hubs. Spanning 2,310 acres, in addition to the new runway and control tower, it includes a 67-acre passenger terminal designed to handle about 40 million passengers a year.
Construction began in January 2022, and the expanded airport is scheduled to open in January 2025. It is a joint project of Lima Airport Partners — which operates more than 30 airports around the world — the Peruvian Ministry of Transportation and Communications, the Peruvian Airports and Commercial Aviation Corporation, and the aviation community in general, under the supervision of Ositran.
The modernization project’s scope and scale are matched by the means and methods used to build it. They include advanced surveying, grade control and coordination techniques in the field and about 2,700 active building information models (BIM) containing more than 50 miles of utilities that multiple contractors will construct. To fully synchronize the digital workflow between the field and the office, Ruiz led the transition from cloud-based collaboration software to a digital workflow. This improved coordination and productivity across departments and helped to keep the project on track.
The transition began by implementing a cloud-based common data environment (CDE), using Trimble Connect to provide a real-time, centralized collaboration platform for the construction crew, the field surveyors and the project’s managers. The CDE became a hub for managing data from field solutions, including laser scanners, UAVs, grade control systems, total stations, GNSS receivers and machine control systems on heavy earthmoving equipment.
A critical part of the terminal expansion is the airside airplane parking area around the terminal, which requires about 70,000 cubic meters of concrete and asphalt. The systems developed by the construction team enable the paving crew to achieve 10 mm accuracy, well below the 18 mm requirements.
Given the number of elements to this project in the terminal and surrounding areas, the SACYR survey team found that one of the best ways to facilitate the data flow between the office and the field is to use augmented reality (AR). “Initially, we tried using paper printouts to manually check for issues in the field. We tried Google Earth, but that was not satisfactory,” said Ruiz. Instead, SACYR turned to Trimble’s SiteVision AR software to provide real-time visualization of data, which improved decision-making and planning and reduced errors and costs.
Nearly 20 Trimble solutions were used in this project (see the sidebar), which helped to synchronize communication between field and office during construction, provided high accuracy results, and improved visualization and collaboration with the customer.
An aerial image shows the new terminal at Lima’s airport under construction. It will be able to handle up to 40 million passengers a year. (Photo: Trimble)
I asked Ruiz a few questions about the GNSS part of the project.
Q: What were the key challenges in surveying for this airport expansion project? Given the nature of the project and its location, multipath was probably not a problem. Also, the new runway and control tower were built away from existing air traffic, so that presumably was not a problem either.
A: The challenge has been organizing workflows between the field and the office. The location was not an issue for the project, but the limited space between the existing runway and the new one was. Nevertheless, it was not really an issue for construction.
Q: The airport will be the first one in South America to have seismic isolators to allow it to serve humanitarian flights following an earthquake. Did that pose any special challenges for surveyors?
A: Yes, it was a challenge for surveyors because there are more than 700 seismic isolators, and they each have anchor bolts that have precise tolerances to be embedded in the concrete. For this they used Trimble total stations.
Q: Did this project have any special requirements?
A: Special requirements were the precision of the seismic isolators, the precision of the plumbness of the columns and beams, and the precision of the leveling of the concrete of the parking spaces and the asphalt for the aircraft.
Q: What total stations were used?
A: A S5 1 second with TDC600, software access, a UHF 35Watt GPS data radio, and different GNSS receiver models for the project.
Q: The airport expansion is part of Lima’s new airport city. How was surveying for the former tied into the latter?
A: The benchmark control points certified by the Peruvian IGN will be left in place and become part of the LAP airport geodetic network.
Autonomous railway track detection
Redundant ssm receiver installation inside a test train in France. (Photo: Hitachi Rail and Syntony GNSS)
Around the world, efforts are underway to increase the safety of rail transportation — both for passengers and for communities along rail lines that are vulnerable to derailments that can lead to spills of harmful chemicals. The most notable recent example of the latter in the United States was the derailment of 38 cars of a freight train in East Palestine, Ohio, in February 2023, which forced the evacuation of a 1-mile radius around the spill.
Hitachi Rail and Syntony GNSS are collaborating on a train safety project in Vélizy, France. Members of the Hitachi Rail team wrote a paper1 on the project that they presented at the Institute of Navigation’s GNSS+ 2024 conference in Baltimore in September 2024. “Everybody is now trying to locate trains with the highest possible Safety Integrity Level (SIL), which is SIL 4,” said Korsakissok, discussing the project. “The partnership between Hitachi Rail and Syntony aims to reach this level by the end of 2025.”
Many modern automatic train operation (ATO) systems — an advanced technology that enables trains to run automatically without the need for a human driver — provide real-time information to the train about its location, speed and other important operational parameters. They use small radio beacons placed along the railway track, typically every third of a mile to half a mile, and an onboard antenna to collect the data. The problem with this positioning system is that it has high installation and maintenance costs. Therefore, the use of GNSS is seen as a major step toward train autonomy. However, due to local disturbances (masking and multipath), classical GNSS positioning methods can be inaccurate by up to many meters, which does not meet railway safety requirements.
The Hitachi Rail safety project in Vélizy is part of a global next-generation train positioning architecture. It supplements a stand-alone GNSS positioning solution with a satellite signal map matching technique and derived integrity methods. It uses cold start for track detection and requires neither motion nor a priori knowledge of the train’s position. The GNSS receiver used in this project is from Syntony GNSS.
A satellite signal map matching (SSM) algorithm developed for this project, in combination with accurate maps, computes the correlation between the received GNSS signal and a predicted PRN code for a chosen satellite, chosen epochs and a known georeferenced point from the map. In the absence of any errors, the user’s antenna would be expected to be located at the georeferenced point. However, this matching is never perfect, so the technique evaluates its quality based on its degree of correlation and the observed delays. It then uses several consolidation methods that take advantage of the whole set of available satellites.
“This approach is well suited to the track detection case of railway navigation when no previous knowledge of the position is given (at train cold start), as the algorithm is detecting a known position, while most of the current GNSS algorithms are estimating a position,” write the authors of the ION paper on the project, who are all members of the Hitachi Rail innovation team in Vélizy.
“The receiver embedded in the train is based on Syntony’s ORION receiver platform,” Korsakissok said. “ORION is a hardware platform that includes a system-on-chip (SoC) from Xilinx, inside which we put a GNSS software-defined radio (SDR) receiver that tracks the GPS L1/L5 and Galileo E1/E5a signals.” For Hitachi, Korsakissok continued, Syntony added a “map matching” feature to the receiver, “which is done in an original (and patented) way: All along the rail tracks, we define some ‘points of interest’ (POI) and the objective of the SSM algorithm is to detect the probability of going over one POI at a given time. Obviously, if there is only one track, and if the train goes from one station to the next, we know that it will pass over this POI, and the only question is when. Inversely, if there are two or more tracks, the most important question is on which track the train is, to avoid any collision. In this case, we define a set of POI on each track, and the key is for our SSM algorithm to tell us which one the train passed.”
The autonomous location software (ALS) used for this project runs on an industrial-grade computer approved for railway usage. Running tests are done in a lab with an antenna located both on the roof of the team’s building in Vélizy and on the train. A grid map from true line tracks is used in both cases.
“To our knowledge,” Korsakissok explained, “almost all train operators that are locating trains with GNSS for positive train control (PTC) or for the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) are solving this problem by measuring the distance between the position computed by the receiver and all present tracks, then choosing the lower one as the most probable. This can work well if the train is moving and if a hybridization algorithm is used with an inertial navigation system (INS) and odometry. However, it does not solve the so-called ‘cold start’ problem — which is that you cannot use the train’s last known position as the new starting point because it could have been moved without powering up its electronics. The SSM algorithm solves this issue, because it directly correlates each satellite signal that should be received if the receiver were exactly at the position of the targeted POI. This correlation algorithm will have a very strong peak as soon as the antenna is near the correct position. This method has been simulated and tested on real tracks and has shown very good and significant results.”
Once the project achieves SIL 4 — a milestone scheduled for late 2025 — Hitachi Rail will embed the receiver designed and manufactured by Syntony GNSS in its future lines and trains.
Inertial-assisted navigation in an urban canyon
San Francisco’s market street, like all urban canyons, is a very challenging environment for satellite navigation. (Photo: Spondylolithesis / iStock / Getty Images Plus / Getty Images)
Urban canyons — city streets lined with tall buildings on both sides — present two challenges to GNSS: a limited view of the sky, thus a reduced number of satellites in view and a higher positional dilution of precision (PDOP) than under open sky, and multipath, as signals bounce off the vertical faces of the buildings before reaching receivers on the ground. This greatly complicates the tasks of accurate positioning and navigation — which is especially important for vehicles in congested city traffic, where it is essential that they do not stray from their lane.
Hundreds of research papers on possible solutions to the challenge of urban canyons have been presented at satellite navigation conferences over the years. One standard way to compensate for both a reduced number of satellites in view and multipath is to couple a GNSS receiver with an INS. GNSS and INS are inherently complementary technologies.
An INS consists essentially of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a computer. An IMU measures an object’s linear acceleration (typically, with three orthogonally mounted accelerometers) and angular velocity (typically, with three orthogonally mounted gyroscopes) in three axes. Because an IMU requires no external inputs, it can operate in tunnels, inside buildings and underwater, and is unaffected by such vagaries of the radiofrequency environment as jamming and spoofing. An INS integrates IMU data to compute positions that are very stable epoch to epoch. However, all inertial systems accumulate measurement errors, an effect known as drift, and therefore must be periodically re-initialized.
Conversely, GNSS-based navigation systems offer consistent absolute positioning accuracy, but their performance is severely degraded by a restricted view of the sky and multipath, two conditions characteristic of urban canyons, as well as RF interference (jamming and spoofing) and ionospheric disturbances.
Therefore, GNSS and INS, when coupled, assist each other beautifully: The INS takes over when the performance of the GNSS receiver is degraded or entirely impeded, then the latter re-initializes the former once it returns to full operation.
An INS provides another benefit for vehicle navigation. In addition to providing data about a vehicle’s trajectory, it also measures its attitude (roll, pitch and yaw), thereby enabling the software to better correlate and interpret the data from the other sensors. For example, when a car breaks sharply, its front end goes down and any forward-facing sensors measure distances to points closer to the car than they did a moment earlier, when its chassis was parallel to the street surface. An INS can also detect unsafe conditions, such as excessive slip angle, which is the angle between the direction of the rolling wheels and that in which the vehicle is pointing (true heading). A slip angle as small as 0.5° can trigger skidding, spins or rollover, especially in the case of SUVs and tall trucks.
A recent test in one famous urban canyon proved once again the value of GNSS-INS integration.
Market Street in San Francisco is one of the major routes across the city, with a diverse urban landscape. It poses numerous challenges in effectively navigating vehicles, especially autonomous ones, due to narrow streets with skyscrapers, resulting in limited sky view and severe multipath. ANELLO tested its GNSS INS here and evaluated the system’s performance in real-world driving conditions compared to other established inertial navigation systems solutions on the market.
Anello’s GNSS INS remains accurate despite multipath and a limited view of the sky. (Photo: ANELLO Photonics)
Market Street is a 3.5-mile urban artery that winds through diverse neighborhoods and commercial zones, presenting a formidable challenge for vehicle navigation as much due to its bustling traffic as for its towering urban canyons. The ANELLO GNSS INS addresses this complex environment by integrating data from its optical gyroscope with those from a GNSS receiver and wheel speed odometers using its sensor fusion engine and unique optical gyroscope technology. In addition to autonomous vehicles, it is also a good solution for agriculture, robotics, construction, trucking, mapping/surveying and defense applications.
To evaluate the performance of its GNSS INS, ANELLO installed it on a test vehicle together with a comparable system made by a different company. The ANELLO team then conducted multiple drives along Market Street, focusing its assessment on the system’s overall heading and positional accuracy. According to ANELLO, the system maintained a close alignment with the vehicle’s actual position along the entire route with a drift of about 1 m on multiple occasions, “significantly outperforming its competitor’s drift rates of 15.5 m, over a drive length of 250 m.”
“The interplay between GNSS and INS is like a tightly choreographed dance,” said Schauble, “where the choreographer is a sensor fusion algorithm. This algorithm continuously evaluates the quality of the GNSS and IMU measurements, assigning weights to each based on their reliability and accuracy.”
The accuracy of an INS is inherently dependent on the quality of its IMU. “When an INS system containing a MEMS IMU is used in an urban canyon, the algorithm is forced to either lean more heavily on the degraded GNSS measurements or accept the noisy and biased IMU measurements,” Schauble pointed out. “This often results in a poor and unpredictable solution in such environments. On the other hand, ANELLO’s GNSS INS leverages a silicon photonics optical gyroscope (SiPhOG) that provides significantly better bias and noise compared to MEMS IMUs. This makes the algorithms less vulnerable to degraded GNSS and multipath effects, allowing the INS solution to maintain accurate positioning in an urban canyon.”
The European Space Agency (ESA) has selected Syntony GNSS to supply user demonstration receivers for its low-Earth orbit positioning, navigation and timing (LEO-PNT) project.
Led by Thales Alenia Space and funded by ESA, the first European LEO-PNT project aims to enhance PNT services from LEO. This initiative is expected to improve the accuracy and reliability of navigation systems, serving a wide range of applications, from critical emergency services to everyday technologies.
Syntony will provide its ground receivers, compatible with the new LEO/PNT signals, as well as with GPS and Galileo systems. These receivers will initially assess the performance of signals from the constellation, which will start with fewer than 10 satellites. There will be 100 to 600 satellites when the constellation is complete, according to Syntony.
Although the receivers may not always be able to calculate position, velocity, and time (PVT) due to the lack of available satellites, they will be essential in evaluating signal performance when at least four satellites are visible. This allows for PVT calculations and performance comparisons with existing GNSS systems.
Syntony’s software-defined radio (SDR) receivers enable real-time adjustments to the receiver settings to evaluate the constellation’s performance. This can be achieved without any hardware changes, as the LEO-PNT constellation uses frequencies similar to those used by the medium-Earth orbit (MEO) GNSS systems.
Syntony’s Constellator GNSS Simulator will be updated to incorporate the constellation’s signals as soon as they are available. This process is similar to how the signals from Xona Space Systems’ PULSAR constellation were integrated as early as 2022.
Syntony GNSS has partnered with Keysight Technologies, an RF testing solutions manufacturer, to advance GNSS testing and simulation capabilities.
The collaboration centers on Keysight’s VXG advanced signal generator, which can generate thousands of simultaneous signals across all GNSS constellations and bands. It features time and phase synchronization for high fidelity and accuracy in simulation scenarios. This feature is particularly crucial for testing GNSS receivers under various conditions to ensure optimal performance in real-world scenarios.
The Syntony GNSS Simulator Constellator can mimic the complex dynamics of GNSS signals, providing a platform for testing and validating GNSS receivers. When combined with Keysight’s VXG, it serves as a comprehensive testing solution for all GNSS signals and scenarios.
The partnership aims to improve Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) testing. CRPA is pivotal in enhancing the resilience of GNSS receivers against interference and jamming to offer reliable operation even in adverse conditions. The combined solution from Syntony GNSS and Keysight offers a platform for testing CRPA systems to ensure they meet the stringent requirements of modern applications.
Telecommunications, among other sectors, relies heavily on precise timing information, typically derived from GNSS signals. The threat of jamming attacks, which can disrupt GPS time synchronization, poses a significant risk, potentially crippling communications and other dependent systems. The testing solutions emerging from this partnership provide a toolset for infrastructure managers to evaluate and enhance the resilience of their systems against such threats.
Syntony GNSS has released CERBER, a GNSS receiver embedded in a CRPA solution.
A classic CRPA system consists of embedded GNSS antennas and antijamming treatments. However, CERBER relies on the tight integration of a CRPA treatment (with a 4-array antenna) and the embedded GNSS receiver.
The estimation of GNSS direction of arrival (DoA) is enabled and allows the receiver to check whether those DoA estimations are compatible with GNSS constellations or originate from very few directions. Therefore, users will be able to detect and locate spoofing devices or receivers instantly.
The receivers are also able to constantly recalibrate the chains of reception based on the DoA and GNSS signals.
CERBER’s embedded approach also enables a 6dB power gain in satellites’ directions, the continuity of GNSS signals’ phase when the space-time adaptive processing (STAP) filter is updated, the absence of additional noise that a GNSS receiver would imply with the re-generation and re-digitalization of RF signals and an improved rejection performance when compared to a classic CRPA + independent GNSS receiver solution.
This technology is designed for the protection and the surveillance of civil critical infrastructures, including Galileo’s and EGNOS’ ground segments, airports or any infrastructure requiring precise and resilient GNSS timing.
Syntony GNSS has doubled the SDR L1C/A equivalent signals of its multi-GNSS simulation solution, Constellator.
With Constellator’s computation power doubled from 660 L1C/A equivalent signals to 1200, users can simulate a complex RF environment for GNSS testing with a powerful and high-fidelity machine, the company said. Additionally, users can now test equipment with multiple traditional GNSS constellations and new ones to come, such as Xona’s PULSAR.
As a result of doubled computation, massive new constellations can be simulated. When fully deployed, the Xona constellation will count hundreds of satellites on multiple bands, in complex RF environments including specific atmospheric parameters, jamming, spoofing and multipath. It also introduces the controlled reception pattern antenna (CRPA) testing capacities of the device, when the demand is increasing for resilient multi-GNSS and low-Earth orbit (LEO) position, navigation and timing (PNT) solutions.
Syntony said it was the first PNT services provider to integrate all Xona demo signals into Constellator, in 2022. However, to offer a full testing solution, Syntony also developed a Xona-enabled GNSS receiver.
Syntony GNSS and Xona Space Systems have partnered to integrate the low-Earth-orbit (LEO) position, navigation and timing (PNT) constellation from Xona into GNSS simulators and receiver solutions from Syntony.
This partnership is part of Syntony’s and Xona’s strategy to offer users PNT solutions.
“The demand for advanced and resilient PNT services is skyrocketing,” Brian Manning, CEO of Xona Space Systems, said. “We are building an entire ecosystem from the ground up to address this demand. Having a full Rx-Tx solution available for all Xona signals is one of the keys to rapidly develop this LEO PNT ecosystem.”
Syntony GNSS was the first PNT services provider to integrate all of the Xona demo signals into its multi-GNSS simulation solution, Constellator, in 2022. However, to offer a full testing solution, Syntony has also developed a Xona-enabled GNSS receiver.
In our 11th annual Simulator Buyers Guide, we feature simulator tools, devices and software from 11 prominent companies that aid GNSS receiver manufacturers in product design.
Alternative RF Navigation Simulator (Photo: Spirent Federal Systems)
New Alternative RF Navigation Simulator. Authorized users of Spirent’s alternative PNT simulation system can generate alternative RF navigation signals individually or concurrently with GNSS signals.
GSS9000. The GSS9000 Series multi-frequency, multi-GNSS RF constellation simulator is Spirent’s most comprehensive simulation solution. It can simulate signals from all GNSS and regional navigation systems and has an unrivaled update rate of 2 kHz (0.5 ms), enabling ultra-high-dynamic simulations with accuracy and fidelity. The GSS9000 supports M-code, Y-code, alternative PNT and non-GNSS sensors, and comes with built-in jamming, spoofing and flex power.
SimMNSA. Spirent Federal has the first fully approved MNSA M-code simulator. Authorized users of the GSS9000 series of simulators will be able to utilize the advanced capabilities of SimMNSA to create robust military GPS user equipment (MGUE) solutions.
Spirent GSS9000 Series constellation simulator (Photo: Spirent Federal Systems)
CRPA Test System. The CRPA Test System is scalable, testing antennas from 4 to 16 elements and beyond. More than 1,000 independent GNSS, jamming and spoofing signals can be generated/simulated across a phase-calibrated precise wavefront.
SimINERTIAL. Supporting the leading embedded GPS/inertial systems (EGI) and inertial measurement units (IMU), SimINERTIAL enables the controllable generation of inertial sensor outputs, synchronous with simulated GNSS, to test integrated GPS/inertial systems in the lab.
Anechoic Chamber Testing. Spirent’s GSS9790 multi-output, multi-GNSS RF constellation wavefront simulator system can be used in both conducted (lab) and radiated (chamber) conditions.
Mid-Range Solutions. Spirent offers solutions for every application and price point. The GSS7000 multi-constellation simulator provides an easy-to-use solution for GNSS testing that can grow with users’ requirements. The GSS6450 RF record-and-playback system enables replay of real-world GNSS tests in the lab.
Based on the Skydel GNSS Simulation Engine, Orolia’s advanced and essential GNSS simulators offer a wide breadth and depth of tools to test mission-critical positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) applications and scenarios.
Skydel Simulation Engine. The highly flexible, high-performance Skydel Simulation Engine transmits GNSS signals in real time to many kinds of software-defined radios. Skydel uses graphics processing units (GPUs) to compute the digital GNSS signal of all simulated satellites, easily scaling from simple to complex use cases. Skydel simulates civil signals from global and regional navigation satellite systems with a 1000-Hz update rate, many kinds of GNSS receiver trajectories with high dynamics, and advanced jamming and spoofing. The Skydel ecosystem also includes features such as open-source plug-ins and API, and the ability to create custom signals. The custom-signal feature allows users to experiment with new signals, such as navigation from low-Earth-orbit satellite systems.
GSG-8. A scalable software-powered turnkey simulation solution, GSG-8 is configurable to meet virtually any testing requirements. It can support multi-constellation, multi-frequency and hundreds of signals with a 1000-Hz iteration rate. This advanced hardware platform is suitable for space trajectories, custom PNT signals, hardware-in-the-loop, multi-antenna simulation, and more. Encrypted EU signals will be available soon.
Skydel CRPA Testing. With self-calibration, integrated advanced jamming and spoofing, and the ability to generate thousands of signals, Skydel CRPA test systems provide everything needed to test CRPA systems, with a focus on ease of use and the testing experience from the user point of view. Two flexible configurations, Skydel Anechoic and Skydel Wavefront, have been carefully designed to provide the advanced simulation features required for CRPA testing in a well-thought-out package. Both provide COTS hardware benefits: configuration flexibility and cost-effectiveness.
GSG-5 and GSG-6. Orolia’s essential simulation platform is a proven, cost-effective simulation solution. Combined with the freely available StudioView software, these simulators provide high-end capabilities in a standalone, portable system that allows operation via a front panel interface. GSG-5 and GSG-6 are available with support for multi-frequency and multi-constellation GNSS signal simulation, pre-built scenarios and test packages, and the features neded to integrate it into ATE systems.
BroadSim 4U, Advanced NAVWAR simulations, MNSA and Y-Code (Photo: Orolia)
Advanced GNSS Simulation for Government & Defense
BroadSim
Powered by the Skydel Simulation Engine, BroadSim provides superior NAVWAR performance, sharing the same benefits and key features of its software-defined platform.
Key Applications
BroadSim Solo: Multi-GNSS simulations on the desktop. (Photo: Orolia)
MNSA M-Code. BroadSim offers a fully flexible implementation of the Modernized NavStar Security Algorithm, giving you full control over scenario settings with the real encryption used on the M-code signal. Any aspect of your scenario can be changed, such as time, date, location, constellation, downlink data, signal configuration, and visible satellites. It is security-approved by SMC Production Corps and shipping as soon as today.
CRPA Testing. BroadSim leverages Skydel’s CRPA testing solution to up the ante for demanding NAVWAR scenarios. BroadSim Anechoic allows you to test an entire system as-is. Skydel auto- calibrates the system, maps the antennas, and is designed to streamline chamber setup and reduce hardware. Broadsim Wavefront tests the antenna electronics, prioritizing the ability to have dynamic trajectories and allowing you to model any scenario with an unlimited number of interferences. The system is scalable from 4 to 16 elements, is phase coherent, performs real-time automated phase calibration, and has built-in jamming and spoofing.
BroadSim Wavefront: Phase-aligned NAVWAR simulator for CRPA (Photo: Orolia)
Advanced Jamming and Spoofing. With Advanced Jamming, users can add ground- and space-based emitters to scenarios, generate an unlimited number of jamming signals on 1 RF output, and simulate flight profiles where interference power levels at the UUT dynamically change depending on the scenario motion. With Advanced Spoofing, users can simulate multiple spoofers simultaneously. Each spoofer can generate any GNSS signal and has an independent trajectory and antenna pattern. Signal dynamics between each spoofer and receiver antenna are automatically determined so no time is wasted.
More Features. Inertial and alternative RF navigation, built-in Flex Power, real-time performance with ultra-low latency of 5ms, high dynamics, terrain modeling, and RMF STIG compliance.
Test Anywhere with LabSat 3 Wideband and SatGen Simulation Software
LabSat 3 Wideband. The LabSat 3 Wideband is a compact yet powerful multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS testing solution. The easy-to-use, one-touch record-and-replay function provides an efficient way to test and develop GNSS-based technology without the cost and limitations of live-sky signals.
It is lightweight and portable, enabling easy collaboration with colleagues by sharing scenario files over the internet, and making it a suitable test partner for remote working. Additionally, the removeable solid-state drive (SSD) of up to 7 terabytes and a two-hour runtime provided by an internal battery is ready for field testing in any environment.
LabSat 3 Wideband can record and replay up to three different channels at 56-MHz bandwidth across all major constellations and signals, including:
GPS: L1/L2/L5
Galileo: E1/E1a/E5a/E5b/E6
GLONASS: L1/L2/L3
BeiDou: B1/B2/B3
NavIC: L5/S-band
QZSS: L1/L2/L5
L-band correction services including SBAS
2x CAN and 4x digital input channels tightly synchronized with GNSS data
future signal launches are also supported, including L2C, L5 and L1C
SatGen Simulation Software. SatGen software allows users to quickly create bespoke, accurate scenarios with their own time, location and trajectory that can be replayed via a LabSat GNSS simulator.
The latest version of SatGen can be used to create a single scenario containing all the upper and lower L-band signals for GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou and NavIC.
When getting the job done right the first time — and every time — matters, CAST Navigation’s suite of simulator solutions delivers precision, accuracy and repeatability. From simple integration testing to complex mission simulations, CAST Navigation solutions scale to meet user requirements.
Powered by multi-frequency, multi-constellation GNSS and interference signal-generation technology, CAST Navigation simulators provide coherent, highly accurate and fully programmable signals. Advanced, configurable vehicle trajectory capabilities meet project requirements ranging from antenna testing to simulations of squadrons maneuvering in contested environments.
Intuitive Graphical Interface. A comprehensive and intuitive graphical interface unifies all simulator capabilities so users can configure complex simulation scenarios quickly. For example, CAST Navigation simulators can model many vehicle types with static and dynamic motion profiles: airborne, terrestrial, aquatic or space-based. Using configured scenario profiles or vehicle truth data, CAST Navigation simulators create high-dynamic, 6-DOF real-time trajectories.
High-Fidelity Simulations of Real-World Conditions. CAST Navigation solutions can reproduce terrain, sea-state and atmospheric effects to simulate missions with high fidelity. Jamming capabilities recreate natural, urban and hostile interference to produce precisely controlled waveforms with high output power and exceptionally low intermodulation noise.
Multi-Frequency, Multi-Constellation Simulations. The GPS/GNSS simulators generate accurate, programmable signals to each antenna element with up to 16 satellites in view from as many as four constellation types. GPS simulations can generate any positioning signal (C/A-code, P-code, Y-code, SAASM, M-code AES and M-code MNSA).
Modular, Scalable Solutions. Proprietary synchronization technology lets CAST Navigation configure customer solutions with multiple simulator capabilities — GPS/GNSS, inertial, jamming, and CRPA — to meet specific project needs. As those needs evolve, these solutions do not become obsolete. Rather than replace a functioning system, customers can rely on modular architecture to meet their new requirements.
The NCS NOVA GNSS simulator is a high-end, powerful and easy-to-use satellite navigation testing and R&D device. It is fully capable of multi-constellation and multi-frequency simulations for a wide range of GNSS applications. It is one of the leading solutions on the market, providing multiple GNSS frequencies in one box.
Because of the modern and flexible software-defined radio (SDR) design of this simulator, testing requirements will be met with the minimum of equipment, facilitating logistics and reducing the cost of ownership. The innovative multi-constellation and multi-frequency simulation capability sets new standards in the field of GNSS simulation in terms of fidelity, performance, accuracy and reliability. Designed to deliver maximum flexibility, users are no longer faced with configuration limitations.
The NCS NOVA GNSS simulator is also able to coherently generate GNSS RF signals on two independent RF outputs simultaneously. The user may freely allocate GNSS signals and RF channels to each of the RF outputs. This feature allows simulation of GNSS signals at two antenna locations simultaneously (this could be two antennas on a vehicle, two separate vehicles maneuvering independently, or a static location plus a mobile unit).
A new key enhancement to the NCS NOVA GNSS simulator is comprehensive support of new Galileo OS signal message improvements on E1B. By enabling real-time simulation of the Galileo OS message improvements, the NCS NOVA expands a user’s Galileo signal capability.
In the future, the NCS NOVA also will fully support the new Galileo E1B OS Navigation Message Authentication (OS-NMA) and Galileo E6B High Accuracy Service (HAS) capabilities.
The NCS NOVA GNSS simulator is the first choice in signal simulation for a wide range of applications including space, aviation, automotive (including autonomous driving testing) and many others.
About IFEN. IFEN is a leading provider of GNSS navigation products and services. Its technology portfolio includes GNSS RF-signal simulators, GNSS software receivers, simulation and data processing tools. IFEN’s outstanding satellite navigation expertise is provided to customers for services including GNSS system studies, research and development of navigation and integrity algorithms, design and development of GNSS software and hardware, on up to engineering of turnkey facilities and systems.
The MGSE product family creates a versatile GNSS test and simulation environment that improves the development, qualification and certification process of GNSS receivers within development phases and for validation and certification in end-to-end tests.
MGSE enables mobile and stationary interference monitoring, for example, for protecting critical infrastructures. It can be used for interference mitigation if combined with TeleOrbit’s GNSSA-6E (six-element antenna array) or its GNSS DCP (dual circularly polarized)antenna.
With MGSE REC-REP 2.0 users can, among other tasks, record Galileo PRS signals in a real user environment and replay them for Galileo PRS receiver testing.
MGSE SIM-REP supports the development of software-defined radios/receivers or specialized algorithms by creating a simulation environment that provides the possibility and flexibility to use synthetically generated GNSS data and recorded real-world samples.
For jamming and spoofing test and evaluation, TeleOrbit offers a sophisticated solution based on the MGSE simulation, recording and replaying product family. For spoofing mitigation, the GOOSE-OSNMA receiver platform is available.
Technical Background
The multi-band RF front-end (MGSE REC) receives the GNSS RF signals in different frequency bands simultaneously to obtain digital IF data, which can be used for GNSS multi-system signal analysis and comparison. All GNSS L-band frequencies and the NavIC S-band are supported.
The MGSE Replay Unit includes a flexible multi-band RF replay device that streams simulated and recorded raw IF data to a digital baseband output or to an analog RF signal. Up to two independent RF channels and up to four GNSS signals (L1, E1, B1, G1) can be provided.
GOOSE is a powerful yet compact GNSS receiver lab and the rapid prototyping solution for leading-edge GNSS receiver development.
The GNSSA-DCP (dual circularly polarized antenna) receives RHCP and LHCP signals simultaneously (full L-band). It clearly detects signals which have been corrupted by diffraction and reflections.
WORK Microwave’s Xidus is well-known for meeting all requirements regarding multi-GNSS; for its multi-frequency and multi-RF signal generation; for its innovative Signal Extension and Enhancements (SEE) technology; for its advanced customization and configurability; and for world-class remote support with updates, training and even scenario execution.
Xidus Signal Module
Compact and powerful, the Xidus Signal Module provides new capabilities of signal generation. Users can perform rigorous and extensive testing of present and future positioning systems when conducting navigation research or developing products.
Possible applications: pseudolite generation, massive multipath or navigation signal generation on various orbits.
Extensive increase of supported channels: >250.
Unlimited number of multipath channels with delay >3,000km.
Interference signal generation on up to four independent frequencies.
Acts as a software-defined radio (SDR) to replay signals.
Xidus-648 (Photo: Work Microwave)
Xidus Hardware Series
Xidus-424 GNSS Simulator
Up to 4 signal modules
2 RF outputs
Wide dynamic power range
Xidus-648 GNSS Simulator
Up to 8 signal modules
4 RF outputs
1,000 Hz update rate
Xidus-Studio Client Software
Xidus-Studio provides a user-friendly graphical interface to configure any GNSS scenario. Its advanced and outstanding features include:
QA707 is the cutting-edge solution for global threat GNSS awareness and management. It is a GNSS simulator specifically designed to test cyber-attacks and authentication, and includes the simulation of GNSS interference, deception, jamming, spoofing and advanced cyber-threats such as data- and code-level attacks.
The high flexibility in the creation of the scenarios and the definition of the type of attacker allow cyber-threat and vulnerability testing for several applications,These applications may include, for example, autonomous driving and vehicle tracking, aeronautics and high dynamics applications, space GNSS receivers and timing.
OSNMA Support. The Galileo Open Service Navigation Message Authentication (OSNMA) simulation is an opportunity to test the new Galileo data protected service against several known vulnerabilities in GNSS applications. The OSNMA simulator is also available as a standalone tool, allowing the generation of OSNMA data that can be used with third party simulators.
PC-capable. QA707 runs on a standard PC. It is compatible with several third-party hardware RF up-converters, including National Instruments’ USRP. Additionally, it can support customer-specific hardware through the hardware API interface.
QA707 Main Features
Multi constellation (currently GPS L1, GALILEO E1, SBAS L1)
Galileo OSNMA
RF simulation, binary file dump, signal record and replay
Support to SDR platforms and open API for custom RF upconverters
Runtime streaming of scenario information over UDP (motion, channel data)
Data level cyber-attacks
Accurate spoofing signals control, trajectory spoofing, signal replay attacks
Narrow band, wide band, frequency modulated jamming
Integrity threats (on request): evil waveform, erroneous ephemerides, code/carrier divergence, low satellite signal power, excessive range acceleration
The StellaNGC all-in-one testing platform. (Photo: M3 Systems)
High-end multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS Simulator and Record & Playback
M3 Systems offers a fully integrated all-in-one testing solution for GNSS. Thanks to a versatile SDR approach, StellaNGC provides on a single HW platform GNSS simulation and GNSS record & playback functionalities. It answers user challenges from aerospace, defense, ground transportation and telecommunication fields when testing the PNT functions of their GNSS-based systems.
StellaNGC Plug & Play. This fully scalable and customizable simulator is based on a layered architecture to provide PNT data to the user at different levels (RF, IQ, GNSS raw data, trajectory).
Based on COTS platforms from National Instruments (NI), StellaNGC P&P allows the simulation of civil signals from GNSS as well as ground-based and satellite-based augmentation systems. It covers terrestrial, aerial and spatial trajectories (including high dynamics). It also enables assessment of GNSS solution robustness with jamming, meaconing and spoofing capacity.
Multi-antenna (CRPA applications) and multi-trajectories
Jamming and spoofing simulation
Cm-level positioning
Low latency HIL simulation
SBAS and RTK augmentation systems
3D multipath generation
IMU sensors modelization
Configuration of all scenario parameters
Signal control during run-time
Intuitive and easy to use GUI
StellaNGC Record & Playback. As a complement to simulation, StellaNGC RP allows test and validation of PNT functions through high-fidelity record-and-playback of GNSS signals. It allows recording by selection of a center frequency (65 MHz–6 GHz) or with a predefined list of GNSS frequencies for each of its 4 RF channelw, with a bandwidth of up to 120 MHz.
StellaNGC R&P Main Features
Multi-bands record & playback
Programmable center frequency and bandwidth
Single or multi-channel (up to 4) simultaneous records
The 18-channel miniature full-constellation CLAW GPS Simulator is a fully self-contained, low size, weight, power and cost (SWaP-C) miniature GPS simulator. It is very popular in manufacturing environments as well as R&D applications that require consistent and repeatable local GNSS signals at low price points.
The CLAW simulator does not require external computers for processing and control — it works fully self-contained by simply applying power, and storing location/time/date data in internal non-volatile memory, or by storing complex vector data to simulate highly dynamic scenarios. The CLAW also can be used to transcode NMEA or SCPI position/velocity/time (PVT) data into GPS RF signals. For 2022, JLT added driver support for a large number of additional GNSS front-end receivers when using the hardware-in-the-loop (transcoding) feature of the unit to, for instance, transcode from one GNSS system to another.
JLT offers an easy-to-use, highly configurable and cost-free SimCon Windows application program that is downloadable from the JLT website. SimCon allows random scenario generation and is thus usable to simulate leap-second events, Week 1023 rollover events, or any other GPS live-sky scenarios, including highly complex yet easy-to-create dynamic vector simulations.
For authorized U.S. government users, a version that does not have altitude and velocity limitations is popular for low-Earth-orbit (LEO) simulations. Multipath simulation allows use of the entire 18-channel simulator capability.
The unit can be field-upgraded with an easy-to-use in-field software upgrade feature. The CLAW is also very useful in GNSS receiver sensitivity testing for R&D or mass-production assembly lines as it allows accurate control of RF output power ranging from –100 dBm to less than –130 dBm with 0.1-dB resolution and typically better than 1-dB accuracy over the controllable power range.
The CLAW GPS Simulator also has a built-in RF signal generator with sweep, CW and random noise functions that are useful in simulating GNSS jamming scenarios, as well as GPS spoofing scenarios. The simulator comes in an FCC-certified metal desktop enclosure with numerous accessories.
The CLAW firmware has been updated to allow live-sky almanac and ephemerides to be automatically uploaded from various externally connected GNSS receivers. This makes simulations using real-time live-sky constellations (such as used in simulating spoofing attacks) an easy task. A free firmware update is available from JLT.
High-end GNSS simulation solutions for R&D, integration and product testing
Syntony GNSS specializes in GNSS/PNT software-defined receiver (SDR) technologies, operating from receivers to test and measurements solutions. Its products and solutions address multiple markets and use cases in the space, defense and transportation industries.
Constellator. (Photo: Syntony)
Constellator GNSS Simulator. Scalable, cost-effective, and high-fidelity SDR software-based platform supporting multi-constellation signals and frequencies (open, restricted and custom), hundreds of signals at 1-kHz iteration rate at zero effective latency, space trajectories and high dynamics. Multiple upgradable hardware configurations are available.
Constellator CRPA. Synchro-phase SDR by design, advanced jamming and spoofing, thousands of signals, 4 to 16 elements.
Echo. (Photo: Syntony)
Echo Recorder & Replayer. High-fidelity record-and-replay devices characterizing group-delay, scintillation, and jamming and spoofing interference, from space to ground market segments.
3 RF channels of 200Mhz sampling rate
16 bit I/Q
Up to 1.6 GB/s write/read speed.
SubWAVE manager. (Photo: Syntony)
SubWAVE GNSS/GPS Coverage Extension. Universal and seamless GPS/GNSS coverage extension for rail, road and mining infrastructures. SubWAVE signals are natively compatible with every GNSS-enabled device, and the solution uses existing telecom infrastructure to broadcast GNSS signals.
Syntony GNSS has joined TCCA, a global representative body for the critical communications ecosystem.
With offices in France, the United States and Canada, Syntony designs and manufactures GNSS products, including receivers and simulators dedicated to mission-critical applications, transportation, aerospace and defense.
According to an industry report, the global GNSS simulators market size is set to grow from USD 106 million in 2020 to USD 165 million by 2025, at a CAGR of 9.3% during the forecast period. Various factors such as rapid penetration of consumer IoT, the contribution of 5G in enabling ubiquitous connectivity, and increasing use of wearable devices utilizing location information are expected to drive the adoption of the GNSS simulators hardware, software and services.
Syntony GNSS manufactures SubWAVE, a solution that enables GPS to work underground and makes possible critical safety services. SubWAVE enables emergency call location in underground tunnels and stations from any smartphone. It also provides the location of any first responder using a compatible P25 or TETRA receiver.
A Syntony team member in a Swedish road tunnel during SubWAVE testing shows the positioning in an underground environment on a smartphone. (Photo: Syntony GNSS)
SubWAVE is typically deployed in underground subway networks (stations and tunnels). It covers 100% of the underground stations of the Stockholm subway, for example. It is also suitable for underground road and rail tunnels, underground parking, and in the mining industry.
“We invented SubWAVE to save lives: to be able to precisely locate a firefighter inside a tunnel, for example, is critical to his or her safety, and this is what our system does,” said Joel Korsakissok, Syntony president and founder. “Also, being able to pinpoint the location of emergency calls made from road or rail tunnels will enhance first responders’ ability to provide assistance and rescue. We are very proud to become a member of TCCA, whose DNA is focused on life-saving through critical communications.”
“Reliable GPS/GNSS coverage in underground and denied locations such as subways, rail and road tunnels and mining is now an essential requirement for emergency services and asset operator personnel navigation and response as well as citizen safety,” said Kevin Graham, TCCA CEO. “General citizens and many businesses now rely on GPS/GNSS signals for their navigation and tracking use cases. We welcome the expertise of Syntony GNSS to enhance knowledge within TCCA of this critical area, and look forward to working with Joel and his team.”
Simulator vendors explain their evolution in response to changes in GNSS/PNT, comment on technical challenges they face, and outline principal markets.
GNSS receivers — which were never as simple as FM radio receivers or garage door remote controls — are becoming increasingly complex. The causes for this include continuing efforts to:
reduce their size, weight, and power (SWAP)
utilize new signals from up to four GNSS constellations
integrate them with other sensors, such as inertial measurement units (IMUs), cameras, and lidars
take advantage of a growing number of public and private, global, regional, and local correction services
meet the requirements of booming new markets, such as autonomous vehicles
mitigate the threats posed by the proliferation of unintentional and intentional RF interference, the latter better known as jamming, and by spoofing.
In short, receiver manufacturers must constantly adapt to a GNSS/PNT landscape that is, as one of the respondents to this Q&A put it, “ever evolving.”
In turn, the growing complexity of GNSS receivers requires increasingly sophisticated simulators to test receivers and their integrations in controlled conditions before field testing and deployment. Increasingly, this is achieved by replacing with software what was once done in hardware. Simulation remains a vital, though often underappreciated, segment of our industry.
On the following pages, five simulator vendors briefly explain their evolution in response to changes in GNSS/PNT, comment on the principal technical challenges they face, and outline their principal markets.
Spirent Federal Systems’ GSS6450 RF record and playback GNSS simulator is portable, for testing automotive applications in the field. (Photo: Spirent Federal)
Lisa Perdue Product Line Director, Simulation Orolia
OROLIA
How has your approach to simulation changed over the years and in response to what changes in GNSS/PNT?
We have transitioned away from the GNSS simulator approach of using fixed, allocated hardware that we used in our early simulators to the more modern software-defined approach we use today. Given the ever-evolving PNT landscape, it is difficult to design hardware that will support all future GNSS and PNT simulation needs. Instead, we focus on the development of the Skydel software platform, which can then be used with the supported COTS hardware or turnkey system to generate the necessary signals. This gives us the benefit of maximum scalability and flexibility while being truly future proof.
The software-defined approach also allows us to offer Skydel in new and exciting ways. We aim to make PNT simulation accessible to everyone and we can do that through subscription and cloud-based simulation services.
What are currently the greatest technical challenges to GNSS/PNT simulation?
Today GNSS is only a part of the PNT picture. GNSS receivers are often tightly integrated with other sensors and many times the GNSS receiver cannot be isolated to test it on its own. Other sensors must also be stimulated or simulated and included as part of testing. Correction services are becoming more common, but many are proprietary with no public specification. With no common standards available, it can be technically challenging to create a one-size-fits-all test solution.
We tackle these challenges through our plug-in feature. The plug-in architecture allows you to expand the capabilities of Skydel by adding your own features or complex integration with other systems. It allows you to exchange information with the Skydel Engine and even integrates it into the Skydel UI. With our open-source SDK, which includes example plug-ins, you can create your data outputs synchronized to the GNSS simulation, such as IMU or correction services data.
In what markets and applications are your simulators used? Are they used only in labs or also in the field?
At Orolia, we say ‘Skydel Everywhere.’ Skydel is used in applications ranging from military encrypted receiver testing (SAASM, M-Code, PRS) to commercial applications supporting any of the GNSS signals available.
Skydel is used in systems that are found in labs, but you can also find Skydel at an individual engineer’s desk, or even home offices. In the field, Skydel has provided simulation and threat generation capability to authorized test ranges and field test events.
The broadsim software-defined GNSS is powered by Orolia’s Skydel GNSS simulator engine. (Photo: Orolia)
RACELOGIC
Julian Thomas Managing Director Racelogic
How has your approach to simulation changed over the years and in response to what changes in GNSS/PNT?
Over the years, GNSS technology has changed significantly but our approach of identifying a need and creating a solution hasn’t changed since we launched our first LabSat GNSS simulator. We created LabSat because we needed a cost-effective, accurate and easy to use record and replay simulator that we could use for product development and production line testing for our VBOX Automotive and VBOX Motorsport technologies. This need could not be met by any other simulator manufacturer, so we developed our own solution, which in turn became LabSat. Although our approach has not changed, the needs of users, including our own engineers, have, so we continue to develop and improve LabSat to meet these needs.
With the increasing number of satellite launches in market segments such as communication and navigation, the number of requests for testing space-qualified receivers has increased dramatically. To test these kinds of scenarios, we have been making some major upgrades to simulate rocket launches and Earth orbit trajectories that require very different characteristics from land-based simulation.
As the number of constellations and signals has expanded very rapidly, the number of simultaneous signals that need to be simulated has put a far greater requirement on the computing power needed to render them. We have been working very hard on optimizing our routines to make the most of the new breed of high-performance multi-core processors. The result has been a big decrease in the time taken to create a scenario, and an increase in the number of signals that can be simulated in real-time.
What are currently the greatest technical challenges to GNSS/PNT simulation?
The biggest challenge is in simulating a large number of constellations and signals in real-time without using dedicated, expensive hardware to create them. The good news is that with the latest Intel Xeon processors boasting up to 40 cores and 80 threads, a much larger number of signals can now be created in real-time using off-the-shelf PC components.
In what markets and applications are your simulators used? Are they used only in labs or also in the field?
With the global pandemic causing national lockdowns, many engineers switched to working from home. Our largest growth in the simulator market has therefore been due to providing these engineers with a small, low cost, easy to use simulator that they can have on their desks at home, allowing them to continue to develop GNSS applications without having to go into the office. The markets these engineers work within are as varied as the markets that use GNSS technology.
We have also seen a big increase in the use of our simulators to test mass produced satellites used in providing global internet coverage. These satellites are being produced in large volumes, and the need for a low cost, reliable testing method on the production line has driven strong growth in this area.
Our simulators are often used in the field to gather data for in-lab testing, as small size and battery life are very important factors in this environment.
SPIRENT FEDERAL SYSTEMS
Phillip Bonilla Senior Systems Engineer
How has your approach to simulation changed over the years and in response to what changes in GNSS/PNT?
Spirent has provided highly accurate simulation solutions since the early phases of GPS availability, starting with defined hardware for each signal type. As the GNSS landscape has grown, Spirent has worked closely with leading developers, adding key flexibility and functionality to adapt and provide a growing product portfolio. By adopting a robustly defined system architecture, and employing signal-agnostic hardware, Spirent simulators can generate any of the available constellations and frequencies, with no more than a few clicks of a mouse.
While broadening the support for the increasing number of constellations has been a focus, so too has the necessity to provide users with high numbers of available channels and auxiliary simulation needs. To complement GNSS simulation, significant effort is being devoted to resilient application testing, providing users with flexible solutions for introducing jamming and spoofing to the test environment. Our agnostic hardware supports signal generation using software defined radio (SDR), including interference sources and user-defined IQ signal data. As customer demands have grown, alternative RF and PNT sensors have been—and continue to be—incorporated, allowing users an expanded and comprehensive test environment.
The new spirent simulator generates alternative RF navigation signals concurrently with GNSS signals. (Photo: Spirent Federal)
What are currently the greatest technical challenges to GNSS/PNT simulation?
Today, nearly all industries rely on GNSS or other PNT sources to some extent. With such varied and widespread use, laboratory testing is critical, and maintaining the highest levels of accuracy, reliability and robustness remains one of the greatest challenges. For modern hardware-in-the-loop configurations, simulation systems must be able to keep latency consistent to enable powerful post-processing of results. With this challenge in mind, we at Spirent design and manufacture our own hardware, ensuring precision and ultra-low latency.
Another significant test challenge posed by modern applications is the growth in vehicle speed and maneuverability. Creating a truly realistic test environment for supersonic and even hypersonic vehicles with high rates of spin and jerk places huge demands on a simulator. Spirent recently has introduced the industry’s first 2 kHz update rate, enabling the most accurate trajectories for the most mobile technologies.
Lastly, positioning engines are becoming more complex. In addition to GNSS and inertial, vision systems and a range of other sensors and signals-of-opportunity are providing developers greater opportunity for precision and robustness. Therefore, a core part of Spirent’s mission statement is delivering test equipment that is designed to be integrated into wider test benches and ensuring that equipment is always orders of magnitude more accurate than any device under test.
In what markets and applications are your simulators used? Are they used only in labs or also in the field?
Spirent simulators are used in all phases of the product life cycle across nearly all applications. Receiver manufacturers use our solutions beginning with initial research and development, throughout product development, and well into production and field testing. Along with the ability to use Spirent’s simulators for live range testing, Spirent’s GSS6450 record and playback system enables users to record the real world in high dynamic detail for repeatable lab testing.
JACKSON LABS
Gregor Said Jackson President and CTO
How has your approach to simulation changed over the years and in response to what changes in GNSS/PNT?
Initially, we saw a large demand for GPS-only solutions. We are shipping units into this market and it is growing more than 30% year over year for us. Recently, customers are looking to also supporting other constellations. There is an emerging market for LEO simulation capability. Many LEO constellations are becoming reality, such as OneWeb, Kuiper, Starlink, Iridium, Xona, and others, and customers are more frequently asking if we can support these types of signals in our simulators. Demand also is arising for additional base-band signals to accommodate the RF signals, such as synchronized raw IMU data and other observables. Jamming and spoofing signals also are being requested and reproducing these as faithfully as possible is a big challenge for synthesized simulation. Lastly, we see demand rising for mil-type secure applications, such as M-Code, PRS (Galileo) and P(Y) code SAASM of course. The complexity of future simulators will rise in lockstep with the complexity of the RF spectrum coming to us from space.
What are currently the greatest technical challenges to GNSS/PNT simulation?
The STL-1400 positioning and timing receiver is designed for battery-operated low SWaP-C applications. (Photo: Jackson Labs)
A faithful reproduction of the real live-sky RF signals would rank high on this list. There are almost an unlimited number of out-of-band and in-band benign and adversary RF signals on a typical GNSS antenna these days, and more recently the sun has been acting up with solar flare activity that can disrupt GNSS signals. As GNSS receivers mature and become capable of tracking four, five or more carrier frequencies and constellations at once it becomes increasingly challenging to supply these types of signals from a simulator, and at a reasonable price-point. Sometimes, a wideband recording and playback system can do a better job at reproducing live-sky signals, however these systems are limited to playing back the same exact mission over and over again of course, and thus are not very flexible.
In what markets and applications are your simulators used? Are they used only in labs or also in the field?
Our simulators are built for two different applications: the first is a traditional type of GPS signal simulation where a Windows application allows a user to set up static or dynamic scenarios, allows them to upload NMEA playback files, create jamming or spoofing signals, and generally tweak the RF signal in many ways, such as modifying power levels and antenna patterns and even creating space vehicle failures in real time. Our customers range from car, aircraft, and avionics manufacturers, to R&D labs, to the government and academia.
Our simulators also are used for a hardware-in-the-loop application that we call transcoding. It allows glueless retrofitting of existing GPS equipment with any and all the emerging PNT solutions such as LEO positioning and timing, celestial navigation, INS/IMU, CSAC holdover, and concurrent/multi-frequency GNSS using a 1×1-in. transcoder module. Our transcoders fly on Air Force aircraft, are used to retrofit telecom equipment, and allow deep-indoors and underground GPS reception. Transcoders created an entirely new market for simulators.
SYNTONY GNSS
Sylvain Daubas GNSS Simulators R&D Teams
How has your approach to simulation changed over the years and in response to what changes in GNSS/PNT?
Manufacturers of GNSS receivers are targeting more precision and availability, especially in urban areas, which require acquiring more signals from more constellations and greater effort to minimize multipath errors. This confirms that an SDR design for signal generation is decisive to keep systems cost-efficient, as it directly benefits from Moore’s law. For instance, our new RTGS4-12 configuration is about four times more powerful (240 channels) than our previous standard configuration, for a similar budget level.
Regarding precision and RF quality, our simulators benefit from the same RF cards as Echo, our high-fidelity record and playback equipment, with a state-of-the-art RF front end: three channels at a 100 MHz sampling rate and a 16 bit IQ. The capacity to simulate protected signals is also crucial: with PRN Link, Constellator is ready for any present or future signal with encrypted spreading codes.
What are currently the greatest technical challenges to GNSS/PNT simulation?
Building a CRPA simulator is not an easy task, as this requires extreme levels of phase and time synchronization between several RF outputs, typically four, seven or more. This can be done in two ways: with a dedicated new RF board running with a single synthesizer for all channels or using the classical one, to which one should add a complex calibration mechanism. SYNTONY has made the tough choice, investing more at first in a mono-synthesizer version. However, this will benefit our customers, for which the usage will be simplified and it will save them a lot of time by shortening the calibration phase. This version already is available for sale.
On another note, it is a significant challenge to keep our product and its interfaces user friendly while also enabling our clients to configure each of the more than 500 parameters available (at the last count). We also keep in mind that new signals may appear, from LEO constellations for instance, answering to new needs such as autonomous driving. Constellator is HW ready for them, only requiring a software update.
In what markets and applications are your simulators used? Are they used only in labs or also in the field?
Constellator currently is mainly used in laboratories, in many market segments. Because it was initially built in partnership with spacecraft manufacturers, it benefits from the high standards of performance of space industries and includes several advanced space-dedicated features.
On top of the typical usage inside the labs, two other SYNTONY simulator products that are directly derived from Constellator are used in the field:
ECHO Recorder & Playback is used to record the GNSS environment with ultra-high fidelity: today @ 100Mhz, and before the end of 2021 even up to @ 200Mhz. ECHO has been used by our customers in cars, trains and often in aircraft test flights. Another usage of ECHO is to detect and record scintillation phenomena, as we will soon do in Brazil.
SubWAVE (GNSS coverage extension for underground places) allows indoor positioning with precision, directly compatible with standard GPS receivers, which can be crucial for safety or operational reasons. We have installed SubWAVE inside subways stations and tunnels (for example, in Stockholm, Paris and New York), in road tunnels (soon in France, in the “Tunnel du Mont Blanc”), in an underground bus terminal (also in Stockholm), in underground train stations (in Switzerland), and before the end of 2021 also in an underground mine (in Finland).
In our 10th annual Simulator Buyers Guide, we feature simulator tools, devices and software from 10 prominent companies that aid GNSS receiver manufacturers in product design.
The GSS6450 RF record and playback system. (Photo: Spirent)
GSS9000, SimMNSA, CRPA test system, anechoic chamber testing, mid-range testing
Spirent Federal Systems provides PNT/GNSS test equipment that covers all applications, including research and development, integration/ verification, and production testing.
GSS9000. The GSS9000 Series Multi-Frequency, Multi-GNSS RF Constellation Simulator is Spirent’s most comprehensive simulation solution. It can simulate signals from all GNSS and regional navigation systems and has a recently-enhanced system iteration rate (SIR) of 2 kHz (0.5 ms), enabling higher dynamic simulations with more accuracy and fidelity. The GSS9000 supports restricted/classified signals, Alt RF, and other non-GNSS sensors. Users can evaluate the resilience of navigation systems to interference and spoofing attacks, and have the flexibility to reconfigure constellations, channels, and frequencies between test runs or test cases.
The GSS9000 Constellation Simulator. (Photo: Spirent)
SimMNSA. Spirent Federal has the first fully-approved MNSA M-code simulator. Authorized users of the GSS9000 series of simulators will be able to utilize the advanced capabilities of SimMNSA to create more robust solutions for their customers. SimMNSA has been granted security approval by the Global Positioning System Directorate.
CRPA Test System. Spirent’s Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) Test System generates both GNSS and interference signals. Users can control multiple antenna elements. Null-steering and space/ time adaptive CRPA testing are both supported by this comprehensive approach.
Anechoic Chamber Testing. Spirent’s GSS9790 Multi-Output, Multi-GNSS RF Constellation Wave-Front Simulator System is a development of the GSS9000. The GSS9790 provides the core element for GNSS applications that require a test system that can be used in both conducted (lab) and radiated (chamber) conditions.
Mid-Range Solutions. Spirent also offers solutions that cater to intermediate GPS/GNSS testing needs. The GSS7000 multi-constellation simulator provides an easy-to-use solution for GNSS testing that can grow with users’ requirements. The GSS6450 RF record and playback system enables repeated replay of a real-world GNSS/GPS test in the lab.
CAST-CRPA. The CAST-CRPA Simulation System produces a coherent wavefront of GPS RF signals to provide repeatable testing in the laboratory environment or anechoic chamber. The CAST CRPA system is configurable for any number of coherent outputs that users want.
With an intercard carrier-phase error of less than 1 millimeter, the CAST-CRPA Simulation System is extremely accurate.
The system generates a wavefront of GPS signals when its GPS RF generator cards are operated in a ganged configuration. Each generator card provides a set of GPS satellites coherent with the overall configuration. Several RF generator cards may be utilized together, ensuring phase coherence among the signal generator cards in each bank. The CRPA antenna, the antenna electronics and the GPS receiver can be tested as a unit with or without radiating signals.
CAST-CRPA features
Generates single coherent wavefront of GPS signals
Orolia advanced GNSS simulators offer a wide breadth and depth of simulation tools to test mission-critical positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) applications and scenarios. They are feature-rich and easy to use, providing a way to harden GPS/GNSS-based systems without the limitations of live-sky testing.
Skydel — Advanced Software-Defined Simulators
Skydel Simulation Engine. This flexible, high-performance simulator transmits GNSS digital signals in real time to many kinds of software-defined radios. Skydel uses graphics processing units (GPUs) to compute the digital GNSS signals of all simulated satellites, scaling from simple to complex use cases. Skydel simulates civil signals from global and regional navigation satellite systems, many kinds of GNSS receiver trajectories with high dynamics, and advanced jamming and spoofing. All Skydel models offer these features:
Easy configuration with intuitive UI and automation
Support for global constellations and frequencies
Support for jamming, spoofing and repeating, including jamming waveforms
Comprehensive API (Python, C#, C++, LabVIEW)
Advanced signal customization and scenario creation
Ability to integrate interference with no additional hardware
1000-Hz simulation iteration rate
IQ file generation and playback
Ability to record and export user interactions as Python script
GSG-8. This software-defined system GSG8 is a globally available hardware platform for aerospace and critical infrastructure applications. It will support future EU encrypted signals. The rack-mounted unit has the option of one to four RF outputs and is configurable.
BroadSim. Designed for military NAVWAR applications, the BroadSim software-defined simulator supports encrypted military codes (Y-code, M-AES and M-MNSA) and provides documentation and procedures for classified operations. BroadSim has two GPUs and four RF outputs. It runs on a custom Linux operating system, with RMF STIG support coming soon.
Skydel Anechoic. This simulator system for radiated over-the-air testing is designed for testing CRPA/multi-element antennas, antenna electronics and entire PNT systems in an anechoic chamber.
Skydel Wavefront. This GNSS simulator system for conducted wavefront testing is designed to test the jamming/spoofing resiliency of CRPA and multi-element antenna electronic systems, and for applications with high dynamics.
GSG 5/6 Scenario-Based Simulators. The GSG 5/6 enable testing of smart applications such as drones, the internet of things, connected cars and cellular. They provide a comprehensive set of pre-defined scenarios and the ability to create scenarios. They simulate all constellations and frequencies as well as movements and trajectories anywhere on or above Earth.
Application packages are available for real-time kinematic, eCall, high-velocity, jamming and sensors.
LabSat 3 Wideband. The LabSat 3 Wideband is a compact yet powerful multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS testing solution. The easy-to-use, one-touch record-and-replay function provides an efficient way to test and develop GNSS-based technology without the cost and limitations of live-sky signals.
It is lightweight and portable and makes it easy to collaborate with colleagues by sharing scenario files over the internet — making it a suitable testing partner for remote working. Additionally, the removeable solid-state drive (an SSD of up to 7 terabytes) and a two-hour runtime provided by an internal battery is ready for field testing in any environment.
LabSat 3 Wideband can record and replay up to three different channels at 56-MHz bandwidth across all major constellations and signals, including:
GPS: L1/L2/L5
Galileo: E1/E1a/E5a/E5b/E6
GLONASS: L1/L2/L3
BeiDou: B1/B2/B3
NavIC: L5/S-band
QZSS: L1/L2/L5
L-band correction services including SBAS
2x CAN and 4x digital input channels tightly synchronized with GNSS data
Future signal launches are also supported, including L2C, L5 and L1C
SatGen Simulation Software. SatGen software allows users to quickly create bespoke, accurate scenarios with their own time, location and trajectory that can be replayed via a LabSat GNSS simulator.
The latest version of SatGen can be used to create a single scenario containing all the upper and lower L-band signals for GPS, Galileo, GLONASS, BeiDou and NavIC.
High-end GNSS simulation solutions for R&D, integration and product testing
Constellator. Syntony’s GNSS simulator Constellator supports all constellation signals available and provides a high level of service in different ranges. It covers, in a single unit, a wide spectrum of use cases from entry-level with L1C/A up to very demanding configurations such as multifrequency and up to 660 L1C/A-equivalent signals. Extensively used in aeronautics, space and defense industries, Constellator answers complex requirements:
Standalone mode (on the ground and in space)
Multi-frequencies
All constellations and their signals, including BeiDou, Navic/IRNSS and QZSS
Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) mode with zero effective latency and 1000-Hz update rate
CRPA generation capability
Capability to generate “Restricted Signals” through a dedicated interface, called PRN-Link
In the space industry, Constellator implements the advanced models (Earth gravity, drag, 3D ionospheric models, side lobes, etc.) needed to achieve accurate simulations for all kinds of orbits (from LEO to GEO and SSTO). Combined with other Syntony GNSS simulation products (interference generator, Echo recorder and player), Constellator can tackle challenging use cases such as testing of jamming, spoofing, multipath and multiple antennas. It is based on a software-defined radio, making it hardware-ready for future constellations, signals and codes. It is easily upgradeable and versatile.
GNSS Recorder and player. Echo is an ultra-high-fidelity GNSS record-and-playback solution that captures real-life signals and environments — for instance, from airplanes — and then replays them for R&D or production tests. Echo offers:
3 RF channels of 100-MHz bandwidth each (for the whole set of GNSS signals from all constellations)
16-bit resolution (I&Q)
From seven to more than 1,000 hours of record/replay capabilities depending on the configuration
The Echo platform allows full 16 bits of I/Q recording at 100 Mhz for three channels, simultaneously. As such, it provides the highest achievable record/replay fidelity. Echo-R can also record complex and very long realistic scenarios from a simulator. Echo-P can replay them with very high fidelity for long-run or production tests.
Please contact Remy Thellier (based in San Francisco) for North America at 415.599.9230, or contact the EMEA Sales team at: [email protected] syntony-gnss.com
+33.5.81.319.919
The advanced customization and configurability of Xidus enables users to perform rigorous and extensive testing of GNSS systems.
Test scenarios. Xidus meets all requirements regarding multi-GNSS, multi-frequency and multi-RF signal generation out of the box. Innovative Xidus signal extension and enhancement (SEE) technology allows users to integrate bespoke generation blocks into the signal generation path. In addition, Xidus’ advanced support capabilities allow remote support and updates, remote training and even remote scenario execution.
Easy hardware or software upgrades. Xidus has modular signal generation hardware that allows easy and robust field upgrades. New modules are automatically calibrated, allowing users to accomodate multiple concurrent navigation development projects.
Expert background. WORK Microwave has been designing and building GNSS simulators for more than 15 years. The Xidus hardware leverages WORK Microwave’s 35+ years of experience in the design and manufacturing of bespoke digital and analogue microwave products.
Xidus-Studio (Photo: Work Microwave)
Xidus-424 GNSS Simulator. The Xidus-424 has up to 128 LOS channels, 512 multipath channels and two RF outputs. It supports all GNSS frequencies and signals. It supports an update rate up to 100 Hz and has very wide dynamic power range configurability.
Xidus-648 GNSS Simulator. The Xidus-648 provides all the capabilities of the Xidus-424 plus additional features: up to 256 LOS channels, 1,024 multipath channels, four RF outputs and a 1000-Hz update rate.
Xidus-Studio client software. The software provides everything for testing GNSS systems: different vehicle models with 6DOF, multiple vehicle simulation, spoofing and meaconing, multiple TX antenna patterns, multiple RX antenna patterns, industry-standard error models and runtime distortions on individual channels. Xidus-Studio also allows the design of bespoke satellite orbits ranging from LEO to GEO. Available on Linux and Windows.
Xidus Series. Connect up to four Xidus units to produce a simulator capable of mega-constellation simulation, with precise phase synchronization across units.
GIPSIE-RTX (GNSS Multisystem Performance Simulation Environment – Real Time Extension)
GIPSIE-RTX is a fully featured GNSS signal generator with real-time streaming functionality, including real-time control of the simulation environment. It consists of a high-quality signal simulator as the hardware platform and a flexible and powerful GNSS simulation environment.
The multi-system and multifrequency-capable GIPSIE-RTX simulates arbitrary satellite orbits using a sophisticated orbit integrator. It is able to model all error sources, delays and propagation effects. These include various models for satellite clocks, ionosphere and troposphere, multipath, signal power, antenna patterns and noise. In addition, multiple types of signal interference, like jamming and spoofing, can be defined. Customized navigation message formats and contents can be used to simulate future GNSS signal features.
Besides generating RF signals, GIPSIE-RTX is also capable of directly simulating digital signals, taking into account user-defined modeling of a radio-frequency front end. Comprehensive data logging of all intermediate results is available for detailed analyses.
GIPSIE-RTX provides a real-time input interface and thus supports hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing, such as for automotive applications.
GIPSIE-RTX Features
GIPSIE-RTX is a new compact multi-channel high performance platform for complex and versatile GNSS testing. Features include:
Highly reproducible scenarios
Modeling of all error sources, delays and propagation effects
Interference (jamming and spoofing) simulation
HIL simulation
Synchronization of multiple simulators for advanced testing (e.g., array antenna)
QA707 is the cutting edge solution for global threat GNSS awareness and management. It is a GNSS simulator specifically designed to test cyber-attacks and authentication, and includes the simulation of GNSS interference, deception, jamming, spoofing and advanced cyber-threats such as data and code level attacks.
The high flexibility in the creation of the scenarios and the definition of the type of attacker allow cyber-threat and vulnerability testing for several applications,These applications may include, for example, autonomous driving and vehicle tracking, aeronautics and high dynamics applications, space GNSS receivers and timing.
OSNMA support. The Galileo Open Service Navigation Message Authentication (OSNMA) simulation is an opportunity to test the new Galileo data protected service against a number of known vulnerabilities in GNSS applications. The OSNMA simulator is also available as a standalone tool, allowing the generation of OSNMA data that can be used with third party simulators.
PC-capable. QA707 runs on a standard PC. It is compatible with several third-party hardware RF up-converters, including National Instruments’ USRP. Additionally, it can support customer-specific hardware through the hardware API interface.
QA707 main features
Multi constellation (currently GPS L1, GALILEO E1, SBAS L1).
Galileo OSNMA
RF simulation, binary file dump, signal record and replay
Support to SDR platforms and open API for custom RF upconverters
Runtime streaming of scenario information over UDP (motion, channel data)
Data level cyber-attacks
Accurate spoofing signals control, trajectory spoofing, signal replay attacks
Narrow band, wide band, frequency modulated jamming
Integrity threats (on request): evil waveform, erroneous ephemerides, code/carrier divergence, low satellite signal power, excessive range acceleration
The 18-channel miniature full-constellation CLAW GPS Simulator is a fully self-contained, low size, weight, power and cost (SWaP-C) miniature GPS simulator. It is very popular in manufacturing environments as well as R&D applications that require consistent and repeatable local GNSS signals at low price points.
The CLAW simulator does not require external computers for processing and control — it works fully self-contained by simply applying power, and storing location/time/date data in internal non-volatile (NV) memory, or by storing complex vector data to simulate highly dynamic scenarios.
The CLAW also can be used to transcode NMEA or SCPI position/velocity/time (PVT) data into GPS RF signals. JLT offers an easy to use, highly configurable and cost-free SimCon Windows application program that is downloadable from the JLT website.
The SimCon application allows random scenario generation and is thus usable to simulate leap-second events, week 1023 rollover events, or any other GPS live-sky scenarios, including highly complex yet easy-to-create dynamic vector simulations.
For authorized U.S. government users, a version that does not have altitude and velocity limitations is popular for low-Earth-orbit (LEO) simulations. Multipath simulation allows use of the entire 18-channel simulator capability.
The unit can be field-upgraded with an easy to use in-field software upgrade feature. The CLAW is also very useful in GNSS receiver sensitivity testing for R&D or mass-production assembly lines as it allows accurate control of RF output power ranging from –100 dBm to less than –130 dBm with 0.1-dB resolution and typically better than 1-dB accuracy over the controllable power range.
The CLAW GPS Simulator also has a built-in RF signal generator with sweep, CW and random noise functions that are useful in simulating GNSS jamming scenarios, as well as GPS spoofing scenarios. The simulator comes in an FCC-certified metal desktop enclosure with numerous accessories.
For 2021, the CLAW firmware has been updated to allow live-sky almanac and ephemerides to be automatically uploaded from various externally connected GNSS receivers. This makes simulations using real-time live-sky constellations (such as used in simulating spoofing attacks) an easy task. A free firmware update is available from JLT.
The MGSE product family creates a versatile GNSS test and simulation environment that improves the development, qualification and certification process of GNSS receivers within development phases and for the validation and certification in end-to-end tests.
MGSE enables mobile and stationary interference monitoring, such as for protecting critical infrastructures (based on MGSE REC), and can be used for interference mitigation if combined with TeleOrbit’s GNSSA-6E (six-element antenna array) or its GNSSA-DCP (dual circularly polarized antenna).
With MGSE REC-REP 2.0 users can, among other tasks, record Galileo PRS signals in a real user environment and replay them for Galileo PRS receiver testing. It is also possible to replay simulated GNSS signals.
MGSE SIM-REP supports the development of software-defined radios/receivers (SDR) or specialized algorithms by creating a simulation environment that provides the possibility and flexibility to use synthetically generated GNSS data and recorded real-world samples — both exactly reproducible.
For jamming and spoofing test and evaluation, TeleOrbit offers a sophisticated solution based on the MGSE simulation, recording and replaying product family.
Technical background. The multi-band RF front-end (MGSE REC) receives the GNSS RF signals in different frequency bands simultaneously to obtain digital IF data, which can be used for GNSS multi-system signal analysis and comparison.
MGSE REC also includes a reception board to receive and process the NavIC S-band signal in addition to other L-band frequencies.
The MGSE Replay Unit (MGSE REP) includes a flexible multi-band RF replay device that can stream simulated and recorded raw IF data to a digital baseband output or to an analog RF signal.
MGSE REP simultaneously supports up to two independent RF channels and up to four GNSS signals, such as L1, E1, B1, G1.
