The Turkish Armed Forces have added the BAHA autonomous sub-cloud UAV to their reconnaissance capabilities. The UAV can be used for tracking, detection, area protection, intelligence and electronic warfare.
The BAHA, developed by Turkish defense company HAVELSAN, is an independent sub-cloud UAV equipped with vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capabilities. It has complete autonomy in mission execution and allows for the integration of diverse payloads.
With the ability to execute missions at altitudes of up to 15,000 feet, the BAHA has a maximum flight duration of six hours with a gas engine and covers a range of up to 80 kilometers. It also features a 5-kilogram payload capacity and a 3.7-meter wingspan. The system, designed for quick deployment by two individuals and operation by a single person, can be mission-ready within minutes, according to HAVELSAN.
Tested in various regions, challenging climates, and operational conditions, the system has been improved based on feedback from security forces.
HAVELSAN has achieved export success with the BAHA in Africa and Central Asia this year. After successful tests, it is now available for domestic use by security forces.
Parts of Poland, Lithuania, southern Sweden, and other countries in the Baltic region had an unexpected Christmas present this year. GPS signals were disrupted and not available in many areas on the 25th and 26th of December. Poland seemed to be particularly impacted, with the northern two-thirds of the country affected and many users on the ground and in the air having to make do without reliable service.
On New Year’s Eve, parts of Finland experienced significant jamming as well. The most visible impacts of the holiday events were seen in aviation and low navigation integrity reports from ADS-B systems. These were displayed on the GPSJam.org website.
Experts in the United States and Poland point to Russia as the source of the interference. They say that Russian anger over the activation of a U.S. anti-missile system in northern Poland in mid-December, and Sweden’s progress toward NATO membership with a recent positive vote in the Turkish Parliament were likely motivations.
Such a reaction by Russia is not unprecedented. In 2022 President Putin threatened Finland and Sweden with invasion if they sought to join NATO. Subsequently, Finnish President Niinistö met with President Biden to discuss improving defense ties. Shortly thereafter planes flying over Kaliningrad and nearby areas in the Baltic began reporting GPS jamming. Analyses of the event by graduate students at the University of Texas Radionavigation Laboratory and Stanford University have provided some details and will likely reveal more as time goes by.
Zach Clements at U.T. studied the disruption and discovered that it included several transmitters spread across a wide area. Some were simply jamming GPS signals to deny service. At least one transmitter was spoofing aircraft so their instruments would show them far from their actual location.
While the phenomenon known as “circle spoofing” has been frequently observed with ships, this was the first time it was reported in aviation. With circle spoofing a receiver is electronically captured and “moved” to a different location. Then it is made to appear to move in circles, almost always in a clockwise direction
Image: Zach Clements/ GPSJam.org
Clements is reasonably sure the source of the circle spoofing was inside Russia. “The points at which the aircraft began to be impacted by the spoofing and where they regained authentic GPS indicate that the spoofer is somewhere in Western Russia. Interestingly, the location to which the aircraft were spoofed is a field about a kilometer from Russia’s decommissioned Smolensk military airbase.”
Zixi Liu at Stanford has discovered that the interference was actually two separate events. The first lasted from 9:30 PM on the 24th until 4:30 AM on the 25th, with the second beginning around 2:30 PM on the 25th and tapering off around midnight on the 26th.
Aviation interests have become increasingly concerned about interference with GPS signals since 2019 when a commercial passenger aircraft flying through smoke nearly impacted a mountain. Since then, aviation groups have raised the issue, national authorities have been regularly issuing warnings, and the UN’s International Civil Aviation Organization has urged its member nations to take action to prevent interference.
“Aviation is always at greater risk when GPS signals are not available or are compromised in some way,” according to Joe Burns, a senior captain at a major international air carrier. Burns is also a member of a board that advises the U.S. government on GPS and related issues. “Interference with GPS increases the risks of accidents and almost always slows the system down, makes flights longer, and more expensive,” he said.
The International Air Transport Association is meeting this month to discuss GPS interference. Most agree, though, that most meaningful short-term solutions will depend upon the cooperation of national governments across the globe.
A series of powerful earthquakes hit western Japan on Jan. 1, killing at least 55 people and damaging thousands of buildings, vehicles and boats, reported CNN. Japanese officials warn that more earthquakes could lie ahead.
Aftershocks continued to shake Ishikawa Prefecture and nearby areas after the initial magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck the area.
According to Japan’s Geospatial Information Authority (GSI), the earthquake may have shifted land in the Noto region near the peninsula, where the ocean floor shifted and generated tsunami waves of about 80cm in height. GSI said preliminary figures indicate that an observation point in Wajima City in Ishikawa Prefecture saw the biggest shift, which moved about 1.3 meters west.
Land appears to have shifted about 20 centimeters to the northwest in the prefectures of Toyama and Niigata. Several centimeters of land shifts were observed in the Kanto-Koshin region and elsewhere.
Scientists have also been watching Japan from space, comparing satellite images taken before and after the earthquake.
On its latest pass, the ALOS-2 spacecraft reported the distance between itself and the ground had shortened as the Earth’s surface had risen up under the force of the tremor.
Fortunately, the uplift may have lessened the impact of the waves when they arrived at the shoreline, said GSI.
GSI plans to continue analyzing the data for other movements.
Quectel’s upcoming webinar, “High-precision GNSS for industrial applications: best practice for design and implementation — North America” will take place Wednesday, Jan. 17, 2024, from 12:00 to 2:00 EST.
High-precision GNSS can be the difference between success and failure for industrial applications – equating as it does to increased efficiency, heightened safety, and superior performance. For example, it enables robotic lawnmowers navigating a lawn with cm-level precision, e-scooters gracefully weaving through bustling urban environments, or handheld devices with pinpoint GNSS location data for informed decision-making. For some industrial applications, including these and many others, high-precision GNSS isn’t just a commercial advantage – it is a necessity.
This webinar offers attendees a unique opportunity to understand high-precision GNSS and how it can revolutionize industrial applications from UAVs to handheld devices. Speakers Victor Pinzo, antenna PDM and Chang Xu, GNSS product manager at Quectel, cover the core components of high-precision GNSS – including GNSS modules, antennas, correction services, and connectivity.
A roundup of recent products in the GNSS and inertial positioning industry from the December 2023 issue of GPS World magazine.
SURVEYING AND MAPPING
Survey Antenna Designed for high-accuracy positioning applications
HX-CSX600A boasts a pre-filtered low noise amplifier (LNA) offering out-of-band rejection, ensuring strong anti-interference performance even in challenging environments. It is designed for high-precision GNSS applications, including agricultural vehicles, small robots and surveying. The antenna offers reliable and consistent satellite signal tracking across a wide range of frequency bands, including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, QZSS, IRNSS, SBAS, as well as L-band correction services. With advanced multipoint feeding technology, HX-CSX600A maintains a stable phase center variation. Built with an IP67-rated compact and ruggedized housing, this antenna is designed to withstand dust, rain, sunlight, shock and vibration. Its standard TNC-K connector and pole mount aim to simplify the integration process. Harxon, harxon.com
Image: SBG Systems
INS/GNSS Post-Processing Software Designed for surveying applications
The Qinertia 4 introduces several features that provide users with a complete solution for precise trajectory and motion analysis. Qinertia is a post-processing software delivering better precision and reliability compared to real-time kinematic systems. It has an enhanced geodesy engine that boasts an extensive selection of preconfigured coordinate reference systems (CRS) and transformations, making it a versatile solution in applications that use diverse geodetic data, including land surveying, hydrography, airborne surveys, construction and more. To tackle the challenges of variable ionospheric activity, the technology uses Ionoshield PPK mode. This feature compensates for ionospheric conditions and baseline distances, allowing users to perform post-processing kinematics (PPK) even for long baselines or harsh ionospheric conditions. Another addition to Qinertia 4 is extended continuously operating reference stations (CORS) network support. This feature offers users a vast network of 5,000 SmartNet stations for reliable GNSS data processing.
Qinertia has more than 10,000 bases in 164 countries. This global coverage ensures Qinertia remains a reliable and efficient solution, regardless of geographic location. In addition, users can import their own base station data and verify its position integrity with precise point positioning (PPP). For data that cannot be processed using PPK, Qinertia 4 offers an alternative solution with its new tightly-coupled PPP algorithm. This new processing mode, available for all users with active Qinertia maintenance, provides post-processing anywhere in the world without a base station, with a horizontal accuracy of 4cm and a vertical accuracy of 8cm. SBG Systems, sbg-systems.com
IMU-RTK GNSS Receiver A compact, high-performance receiver with high-end dual camera technology
The i89 visual inertial measurement unit (IMU) GNSS receiver is a surveying device equipped with a 1,408-channel GNSS module that enhances real-time kinematic (RTK) availability, even in challenging environments. Its iStar 2.0 software incorporates advanced ionospheric modeling algorithms, achieving a high integrity RTK fix rate, particularly critical in regions of intense solar activity. The implementation of AUTO-IMU technology eliminates the need for manual initialization, streamlining field operations for increased efficiency. The i89 offers 16.5 hours of battery life and a lightweight 750 g design. The combination of panoramic capture mode and integrated IMU significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of photogrammetric surveys. CHC Navigation, chcnav.com
GNSS System Features visual positioning capabilities
The Trion V10i GNSS System integrates two cameras for vision-guided surveying operations, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for tilt surveys and an OLED screen for easy status checks. This device is designed to enhance productivity in the field, even in hard-to-access locations. It features IMU-based tilt compensation for precise measurements of up to 60° with no calibration needed. It also comes with a built-in 4G LTE and UHF and supports NFC, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. It also offers users seamless connectivity through Trion Survey Cloud for real-time data sharing between field and office teams. FJDynamics, fjdynamics.com
INS For mobile mapping applications
The Atlans 3 is an inertial navigation system (INS) designed for land and air mobile mapping applications. The device is an all-in-one positioning and orientation system integrating unique micro-electro-mechanical systems. MEMS-FOG hybrid technology and a dual-antenna real-time kinematic GNSS receiver are housed within one compact device. The Atlans 3 offers north-keeping capability at FOG-level performance across a variety of land and air mobile mapping applications. It delivers real-time heading, even in GNSS-challenging environments such as urban canyons, mountainous terrain, or forested areas. The lightweight INS is designed to meet the requirements of high-performance lidars mounted on vehicles where space and weight constraints are critical. The Atlans 3 is designed to be quick and simple to install on all platforms. It offers efficient “set-and-forget” operations for a wide range of land and air applications including road and rail asset inventory, pavement condition survey, vehicle automation, HD mapping, ground-truth, airborne surveys and precision pointing. Exail, exail.com
L-Band GNSS Antennas Available in four models
The ARM972XF triple-band plus L-band GNSS antennas provide GPS/QZSS L1/L2/L5, GLONASS-G1/G2/G3, Galileo E1/E5a/E5b, and BeiDou B1/B2a/B2b + L-band coverage. The technology is designed for precision triple-frequency positioning where light weight and a low profile are required. The ARM972XF are small and lightweight housed triple-band precision mini ARINC GNSS antennas. They have an average phase center variation of less than 10 mm for all frequencies and overall azimuths and elevation angles. Additionally, both models are available with components qualified for low-Earth orbit (LEO). Housed in a weatherproof (IP67) enclosure, the ARM972XF is available in four versions. Model ARM972XF-1 (ARM972XF-1-S for LEO space-qualified components) has an integrated 100 mm ground plane, while model ARM972XF-2 (ARM972XF-2-S for LEO space-qualified components) is 83 mm in diameter. The antennas also include Tallysman’s eXtended filtering (XF) technology, designed to mitigate GNSS interference. Tallysman Wireless, tallysman.com
UAV
Helix Antenna Designed for UAVs
The HX-CUX615A has a low-profile design and simple integration process that makes it a suitable antenna for various UAV applications such as aerial photography, remote sensing, infrastructure inspection, traffic control and public security. Equipped with a pre-filtered LNA, HX-CUX615A offers out-of-band interference rejection to mitigate unwanted electromagnetic interference and provide reliable GNSS signals for seamless integration into positioning solutions. This lightweight antenna also adopts patented dual-quadrifilar helix antenna technology, ensuring stable wide-angle circular polarization performance. This results in low-elevation satellite tracking, while maintaining high gain and reliable signal tracking — even in challenging environments. Harxon, harxon.com
VToL UAV A fully autonomous fixed-wing VTOL UAV with multiple power configurations and a heavier payload
The E455 is a fixed wing, vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) UAV. At 55lbs, the E455 offers a 2-hour flight endurance operating on battery power alone. It is designed to carry a variety of payloads, including mapping sensors, lidar and EO/IR surveillance sensors. Where allowed, the E455 can fly at gross weights up to 65 lbs, which offers users more versatility in payload selection. The E455 also features an open control payload bay, which allows for the seamless integration of custom payloads.
EVENT 38, event38.com
UAV Surveying Software With added UAV photogrammetry capabilities
The Terrain Creator app photogrammetrically processes UAV images to generate survey-grade terrains that then transfer into the traditional Virtual Surveyor workspace. Terrain Creator aims to simplify the aerial photogrammetry process by offering a visual and intuitive application to produce an orthomosaic and a digital surface model (DSM) from UAV photos, the company said. The software was originally developed to bridge the gap between UAV photogrammetric processing applications and engineering design packages. Prior to this new release, users had to rely on third-party software to generate elevation models and an orthomosaic on which they could work with the Virtual Surveyor toolset. Now, users can derive the 3D topographic information necessary for construction, surface mining and excavation projects in one package. Once the survey-grade terrains flow from the Terrain Creator into the Virtual Surveyor desktop app, users can access an interactive virtual environment and robust toolsets to generate CAD models, create cut-and-fill maps and calculations, or calculate volume reports. Users currently subscribed to Virtual Surveyor Ridge and Peak editions will see their software updated automatically with Terrain Creator. A flexible licensing setup will allow two users within a subscribing organization to use the Terrain Creator and Virtual Surveyor applications simultaneously from different computers. Virtual Surveyor, virtual-surveyor.com
MOBILE
Antenna Designed for high-precision and autonomous multi-frequency applications
The M10HCT-TNC GNSS L1/L2/L5 antenna is ground-plane independent and offers extremely low power consumption and minimal phase-center variation over azimuth crafted for GNSS high-precision applications. The antenna offers suitable axial ratio, ensuring multipath error is mitigated. Several filtering groups allow this antenna to have superb filtering capabilities and RF antijamming mitigation capabilities.
Maxtena, maxtena.com
GNSS Receiver Suitable for personnel positioning, IoT, railway patrols, vehicle tracking, and search and rescue missions
Equipped with the SinoGNSS K8 platform, the Z30 can track full constellations and multiple frequencies, providing centimeter-level accuracy. With 965 channels, it is capable of tracking more than 60 GPS, BeiDou, GLONASS, Galileo, QZSS, IRNSS and SBAS satellites. The Z30 features an integrated antenna for stable signal reception. The device is also equipped with two side buttons for power, one-click SOS alerts and three Indicator LEDs for power, satellite, and differential status checks. It supports NTRIP and TCP protocols, enabling various personnel positioning applications by uploading position data. The Z30 integrates with NaviCloud, offering functions such as real time location display, historical trajectory query, remote control, and electric fence. In addition, it can be customized to meet specific customer requirements. With indoor and outdoor positioning capabilities, the Z30 is a suitable solution for various fields. It supports outdoor real-time kinematic positioning with centimeter-level accuracy and indoor Bluetooth positioning with sub-meter-level accuracy. ComNav Technology, comnavtech.com
Antennas IoT multiband antennas designed for multiple mobile applications
The Pasternack IoT multiband combination antennas are designed for vehicles, fleets and pivotal base stations. The technology aims to revolutionize how industries perceive and use mobile connectivity. The antennas integrate 4G, 5G, Wi-Fi and GPS bands to offer emergency teams, on-the-move fleets and first responders an unwavering link, even in harsh environments. Facilitated with both FAKRA and SMA connectors and extended 17-foot cable leads, users can seamlessly integrate the technology. It also has an IP69K rating, certifying it for both indoor and outdoor deployments. MIMO capabilities improve data transmission speeds and reliability, ensuring consistent high-bandwidth connections. The antenna’s GPS/GNSS component, enhanced with LNA and amplified by a 26 dB gain, offers users improved navigation and tracking precision. Pasternack, pasternack.com
The European Union Agency for the Space Program (EUSPA), in collaboration with the European Commission, has published a new version of the Galileo Open Service Signal in Space Interface Control Document (OS SIS ICD).
The latest version, denoted v2.1, introduces new elements supporting the improvement and enlargement of the Galileo service portfolio. OS SIS ICD v2.1 is available along with a corresponding new version of the OS Service Definition Document (OS SDD).
New elements in v2.1 include the definition of OS Extended Operation Mode (EOM) and criteria for identifying when it is activated; description of a new ARAIM Integrity Support Message (ISM), and a new annex detailing a numerical example for the computation of its 32-bit checksum; and a new annex detailing the Galileo PRN Codes Assignment process, including codes belonging to the families E1 B, E1 C, E6 B, E6 C, E5a I, E5a Q, E5b I, E5b Q are now available.
The annex dealing with the authorization of Galileo trademarks, now obsolete, has been removed.
The Galileo OS SIS ICD provides the information required by receiver and chipset manufacturers, application developers and service providers to process the open service signals generated by Galileo satellites. It specifies Galileo signal characteristics; characteristics of Galileo spreading codes; Galileo message structure and data contents; and OS Signal in Space flags.
OS SIS ICD v2.1 pertains to receiver technology developers. The availability of adapted receivers is a key requirement for translating the full range of Galileo signals into useful services, according to EUSPA. The agency added it has been engaged in regular dialogue with advanced chipset and receiver manufacturers, working to see Galileo fully integrated into the latest generation of receivers.
The previous OS SIS ICD, version 2.0, was published by the European Commission in January 2021. In the modification of the ICD, the principle of backward compatibility for Galileo receivers has, as always, been applied.
Inertial Labs and BayesMap have partnered to release PCMasterPro software updates for Inertial Labs’ Resepi.
The collaboration aims to provide users with fast, automated point cloud alignment to enhance UAV lidar systems. The software is designed to simplify the process of geometric calibration and quality control.
Resepi is a sensor-fusion platform designed for accuracy-focused remote sensing applications. It utilizes a high-performance Inertial Labs INS and a high-accuracy dual antenna GNSS receiver, integrated with a Linux-based processing core and data-logging software. The platform also provides a WiFi interface, optional imaging module, and external cellular modem for RTCM corrections. Resepi can be operated by a single hardware button or from a wirelessly connected device via a simple web interface.
The software update is now available to all Resepi users.
Topobathymetric digital elevation model of the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers at Harper’s Ferry, West Virginia. (Image: USGS)
The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Dewberry, a privately held professional services firm, have jointly released a new topobathymetric lidar dataset for the Potomac River, extending from the Potomac Highlands in West Virginia to the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland.
The survey was conducted using Teledyne Optech CZMIL SuperNova lidar system, which allowed Dewberry to successfully survey a 55-mile (88.5km) stretch of the Potomac River, spanning from Hancock, Maryland to Shepherdstown, West Virginia. The survey resulted in the acquisition of 33km² of submerged topobathymetric lidar data.
Project deliverables included a 3D point cloud and topobathymetric digital elevation models (DEMs) for the surveyed river section. This project, the second for the Potomac River, builds on the first, which covered the area from Shepherdstown, West Virginia, to the Little Falls dam near Washington, DC. The generated maps are designed to serve as a valuable tool for predicting oil spill presence and movement in the Potomac River, supporting ICPRB’s mission to safeguard the waters and resources of the Potomac River basin through science, regional cooperation and education.
Conducted for the USGS’s 3D Elevation Program (3DEP), the lidar survey involved collaboration with the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), National Geospatial Program (NGP) and Eastern Ecological Science Center (EESC) programs, along with the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River (ICPRB).
Antenova, a UK-based manufacturer of IoT (Internet of Things) antennas and GNSS modules, has released the Admotus antenna, the latest addition to its product line of ceramic antennas.
The Admotus is a surface-mount ceramic antenna designed for connectivity on L1 GNSS signals on all constellations, including GPS-L1 at 1575.42 MHz; GLONASS L1, 1602MHz; Galileo L1, 1575.42 MHz; BeiDou (B1); and QZSS. The compact antenna offers comparable performance to a small patch antenna on a small ground plane.
The ceramic antenna has an ultra-low profile measuring a mere 1.0 x 0.5 x 0.5mm, requires 7.0 x 15mm clearance area and offers improved performance on small PCB sizes.
It offers a peak gain of 0.9dBi with an average gain of –2.6dB and offers maximum return loss of –11.5dB and a maximum VSWR 1.8:1. A companion evaluation PCB is also available for internal analysis.
The Admotus ceramic antenna is suitable for all GNSS positioning applications in the L1 band (1559 – 1609 MHz) such as wearable devices for fitness and medical monitoring, small portable tracking devices used to track keys, pets, bikes, UAVs, agricultural robotics and telematics devices.
China has launched two satellites into medium-Earth orbits (MEO) for its BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, reported the China Satellite Navigation Office.
The satellites were carried by a Long March 3B rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan province and are the 13th group of third-generation BeiDou satellites operating in MEO.
The two spacecraft will start formal operation after a period of in-orbit technical verification, according to the China Satellite Navigation Office.
BeiDou is China’s largest civilian satellite system and one of four global navigation networks, along with the United States GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the European Union’s Galileo.
Since 2000, a total of 62 BeiDou satellites, including the first four experimental ones, have been lifted on 46 Long March 3 series rockets from Xichang.
In June 2020, the final satellite to complete Beidou’s third-generation network was lifted by a Long March 3B rocket launched from the Xichang center. The following month, the system was declared complete and began providing full-scale global services.
Nearly 50 Beidou satellites in active service, including the latest pair.
SiTime Corporation, a precision and timing company, has released its Endura Epoch Platform. The platform is designed to provide robust and resilient positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services critical in defense operations.
The MEMS oven-controlled oscillator (OCXO) can boost the resilience of PNT systems and other equipment, including radars, field and airborne radios, satcom terminals and avionics against spoofing, jamming and other disruptions in GPS signals.
Building off of the Epoch Platform launched in September 2023, the Endura Epoch MEMS OCXOs are designed to meet the challenging shock and vibration conditions found in aerospace and defense. These devices are manufactured using proven semiconductor processes that deliver the reliability and quality expected from silicon devices that cannot be achieved by quartz crystal OCXOs, especially in extreme conditions.
The Endura Epoch Platform MEMS OCXO greatly simplifies timing system design due to superior performance and delivers a significant improvement in size, weight and power (SWaP).Key features and benefits compared to quartz crystal OCXOs include:
Programmable frequencies from 10 to 220 MHz
Rated at 20,000 g shock survivability
Up to 20 times better frequency stability over temperature
Up to 3 times better Allan deviation, a measure of short-term frequency stability
Surface-mountable, small footprint and low height 9.0 mm x 7.0 mm x 3.6 mm
Deep Sand Technology (DST), an autosteering and precision agriculture company, and the GEODNET Foundation have partnered to bring precision agriculture real-time kinematic (RTK) services to rural North America.
GEODNET-compatible RTK bases will be immediately available, which support centimeter-accurate operations without the need to install an ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio link.
The partnership between DST and GEODNET aims to offer affordable high-accuracy RTK-based GPS access into key U.S. agricultural and rural areas for precision agriculture, advanced cruise control systems, automated highway trucking operations and eco-friendly robotic lawnmowers.
The GEODNET RTK network comprises more than 3,600 stations globally, covering over 1,800 cities in 100+ countries as of 2023.
