Tag: autonomous vehicles

Key developments in drone technology and applications

A little clarity recently emerged regarding how U.S. Loyal Wingman or Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) unmanned fighter support vehicles will be initially configured. The emerging concept is that CCA would fly alongside F-35 Lightning II and F-22 Raptor carrying various Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM) and AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles.

Kratos Valkyrie CCA flying with F-35 and F-22. (Photo: Kratos)

While both the F-35 and F-22 carry their own missiles, when their payload is expended, operators can continue the fight by firing AMRAAM and AIM-9 ordinance on the CCA “missile truck” flying alongside them. This means that the manned-unmanned team can bring twice the number of missiles to bear on an adversary. According to mission planning revealed in early 2023, the US Air Force (USAF) plans to pair two CCA vehicles with each manned front-line fighter aircraft – with at least 1,000 unmanned CCA vehicles being brought into USAF inventory.

The potential suppliers of CCA unmanned aircraft include Anduril and General Atomics Aeronautical Systems (GA-ASI). They are developing a CCA based on the GA-ASI XQ-67A prototype, which first flew in February 2024. Boeing Australia’s MQ-28A Ghost Bat Airpower Teaming System first flew in February 2021. Additionally, Kratos’ XQ-58A Valkyrie has been flying since 2022, and Northrup Grumman recently flew its manned-unmanned Loyal Wingman prototype Vanguard Model 437 on Aug. 29, 2024.

By incorporating full autonomy or being controlled by manned aircraft, these CAA are also designed to fly ahead, avoid detection, perform advanced intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance tasks, provide early warning, and — when suitably equipped — conduct electronic warfare. The system is engineered to engage its own targets with or without its fighter teammates.

The U.S. House of Representatives has passed legislation that could significantly restrict the use of Chinese-made drones, particularly those manufactured by DJI, in the United States. On September 9, 2024, the House approved the Countering CCP Drones Act, a bipartisan bill .

The act aims to add DJI Technologies to the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) Covered List. If enacted, this would prohibit new models of DJI drones from operating on U.S. communications infrastructure. The bill is part of a broader effort to address potential national security risks posed by Chinese-made technology.

The legislation has passed in the House and will now move to the Senate for review. It may be included in the Senate version of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2025. Senators Mark Warner and Rick Scott have introduced a related bill in the Senate, which also aims to blacklist DJI and other Chinese drone companies.

The proposed ban appears to target only new versions of Chinese drones, while existing models in the United States can still be flown by their owners within FAA regulations. Additionally, a new product with exactly the same design and an FCC license can still be purchased without restrictions. However, if the ban were to be implemented, newly designed products would be unable to obtain an FCC license to use U.S. communications.

DJI Mavic 3 (Photo: DJI)

Another bill, Drones for First Responders, does not go as far as to ban Chinese drones. Rather, it suggests adding a tariff to any imported drones. The revenue generated from the tariff would be used to encourage the purchase of U.S.-made drones or those manufactured in locations not on the U.S. list of restricted countries. This initiative is intended to support U.S.-based commercial operations, such as farmers and first responders, including firefighters, ambulance operators, and police. It is worth noting that all U.S. government departments are thought to have already dropped the use of any Chinese-made drones due to existing restrictions.

It seems okay to keep your existing DJI drone for your own private use or commercial operation and even replace it with another existing model as long as stocks are available — but it might cost more because of new import tariffs.

On quite an unrelated UAV subject – it seems that Swift Navigation has decided to leave the GNSS OEM business and has sold its Duro product line to Carnegie Robotics, which is folding the GNSS receiver business into its robotics and sensor product portfolio.

The two companies have collaborated since 2017, when they developed Duro high-precision GNSS receivers and software. When accompanied by the Swift Skylark Precise Positioning Service, Duro receivers may be augmented to achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy.

It is great to see that Archer is making significant headway along its path to developing and enhancing the performance of its Midnight air-taxi eVTOL. Archer established a goal to achieve 400 test flights this year to get FAA certified by 2025. The company announced that 402 flights were already completed by August.

Flights have expanded the envelope of the aircraft for the transition from take-off to flight and vice-versa for landing, landing under varying wind conditions, tuning hover noise profiles, extending endurance by optimizing control laws, and of course, increasing the rate of test flights. These are normal developmental steps along the road to baselining the performance envelope, which will be used to certify the aircraft and, along the way, collect data that will flow into the certification program.

In summary, we have an outline of how Loyal Wingman UAVs may initially become missile trucks alongside front-line fighter aircraft, potential restrictions on Chinese drones in the United States, the sale of an OEM GNSS product line, and a high rate of flight tests for the Midnight eVTOL.

September 18, 2024
SiTime launches timing solutions

Photo: SiTime

SiTime has launched the Endura Low Phase Noise Super-TCXO time synchronization and RF systems designed for high-performance applications requiring stability and low noise in challenging environments.

These devices operate within a frequency range of 10 to 220 MHz and offer frequency stability, with specifications as tight as ±0.1 ppm over a temperature range of -40°C to 105°C. Their phase noise performance can achieve -159 dBc/Hz at a 10 kHz offset for a 19.2 MHz carrier frequency and reach -172 dBc/Hz for broad base phase noise.

The Endura Super-TCXOs exhibit an acceleration sensitivity of 0.01 ppb/g and can withstand shocks up to 30,000g and vibrations up to 70g, making them suitable for demanding applications.

These Super-TCXOs are ideal for various applications, including time synchronization and RF systems, aerospace and defense networking, communication systems and positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) applications.

September 18, 2024
On the road to autonomous vehicles
SBG Systems’ INS Ellipse-D powers Leo Drive’s autonomous car.

The evolution of autonomous vehicles has been a fascinating journey, transforming from science fiction to reality over the past few decades. Most modern cars on roadways worldwide have varying levels of autonomy, ranging from Level 1 features, such as cruise control, to Level 5 fully autonomous features, including the ability to monitor roadway conditions and perform safety-critical tasks without human intervention.

In recent years, several technology and automotive companies have recognized the benefits of autonomous vehicles and their potential impact on communities and industries worldwide. In response, industry leaders have supported autonomous vehicle innovation and adoption by offering new products and working closely with educators, nonprofit organizations and other groups that aim to use autonomous solutions to connect the world.

New solutions combining GNSS technology with inertial navigation systems (INS) have emerged to increase autonomous operation efficiency and development. GNSS/INS serves as the foundation for various autonomous operations, ranging from self-driving vehicles on public roads to sophisticated port machinery. In urban public transportation, the accuracy of GNSS signals can be compromised by tall buildings and signal interference, leading to potential errors in navigation. Meanwhile, in the specialized vehicle sector, the lack of extensive experience in complex environments poses challenges, with unpredictable issues potentially arising.

As we enter a new era of advanced autonomy, companies such as SBG Systems and Septentrio, along with their partners, are pushing the boundaries of what is possible in self-driving technology. SBG Systems and autonomous vehicle developer Leo Drive are integrating GNSS/INS systems, multiple cameras and lidar sensors into Leo Drive’s autonomous platforms for precise navigation and accurate positioning data for safe and efficient operations in urban applications.

Septentrio and Smart yoUr Mobility Inc. (SUM) also are making significant strides in advancing autonomous operations. The companies have formed a strategic partnership to develop and implement a multi-sensor fusion system for autonomous driving. This collaboration aims to enhance self-driving vehicles’ accuracy, reliability and safety by integrating data from various sensors, including lidar, cameras and radar.

Additionally, recognizing the need for precise positioning in complex environments — such as ports packed with equipment and steel containers — SUM and Septentrio are working together on a solution that ensures accurate positioning and reliable autonomous operations in challenging port operations.

Enhancing precision and performance

Leo Drive offers scalable software and hardware solutions, providing a comprehensive, end-to-end service for integration into autonomous systems. The company’s mission is to enhance the accessibility and adoption of autonomous technology across various sectors, including UAVs, unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) and autonomous driving systems.

To operate its autonomous vehicles effectively, Leo Drive was in search of an INS compatible with its existing platforms and robust enough to meet real-time processing demands in dynamic environments. The company also wanted an INS with dual-antenna RTK capability to offer consistently high precision in positioning and orientation, leading the company to SBG Systems’ Ellipse-D, a dual-antenna RTK INS.

Leo Drive integrated the Ellipse-D INS into its autonomous test vehicle, a passenger car converted for autonomous operations. Equipped with GNSS/INS systems, multiple cameras and lidar sensors, the vehicle requires precise navigation and accurate positioning data for safe and efficient operation. This vehicle serves as a critical platform for research and development (R&D) and technology demonstrations.

The test vehicle is powered by Autoware software, hosted by the Autoware Foundation, a nonprofit organization committed to developing open-source, collaborative software for autonomous vehicles.

Leo Drive mounted Ellipse-D INS onto its test vehicles using non-ferromagnetic materials to prevent interference and ensure optimal sensor performance. The electrical connections were made via RS-232/422 and CAN interfaces, and custom drivers were used within the ROS2 environment to integrate the Ellipse-D’s real-time data into their sensor fusion algorithms.

During the integration phase, the SBG Systems’ support team provided ongoing assistance to quickly address any challenges. The SBG Systems Support portal also was valuable, providing comprehensive guidance and troubleshooting assistance.

Leo Drive’s autonomous car is equipped with GNSS/INS systems, multiple cameras and lidar sensors for precise navigation as well as accurate positioning.

Ellipse-D played a key role in Leo Drive’s Autonomous Vehicle by providing accurate real-time navigation data. Its dual-antenna RTK capabilities ensure orientation data is reliable and supports the vehicle’s complex navigation algorithms. The sensor’s RS-232/422 and CAN connections allowed for easy integration with Leo Drive’s onboard computers. Custom drivers and nodes in the ROS2 environment facilitated smooth communication between the Ellipse-D and other vehicle sensors, enhancing overall system robustness.

Advanced features for better navigation

Since integrating Ellipse-D INS into its autonomous vehicle, Leo Drive said it has experienced several significant improvements, including:
- Improved accuracy: Ellipse-D’s high positioning and orientation accuracy has been instrumental in refining the performance and reliability of Leo Drive’s autonomous systems.
- Increased efficiency: Ellipse-D’s advanced algorithm enables smoother development processes and more accurate test results, streamlining R&D efforts.
- Timely support: The comprehensive customer support, including detailed documentation and a responsive technical support team, ensured a seamless integration process.
Leo Drive identified three standout qualities of SBG Systems that have been critical to its success: exceptional customer support, high-quality products and a user-friendly support portal.

“Collaborating with SBG Systems and integrating the Ellipse-D into our vehicle has been essential in achieving the precision and reliability critical to our R&D efforts and autonomous operations,” said Oğuzhan Sağlam, Leo Drive’s sales manager.

Self-driving shuttles in South Korea

In 2022, Septentrio and SUM partnered for the joint development and technical application of a multi-sensor fusion system for autonomous driving. This led to the integration of Septentrio’s AsteRx-SBi3 Pro+ into SUM SMOBI platform vehicles.

Septentrio’s AsteRx-SBi3 Pro+ integrated into SUM’s autonomous vehicles.

The AsteRx-SBi3 Pro+ features Septentrio’s FUSE+ inertial sensor-fusion technology, which offers a comprehensive solution for these challenges. This includes centimeter-level positioning accuracy (horizontal: 0.6 cm + 0.5 ppm, vertical: 1 cm + 1 ppm) and integrated attitude accuracy (heading: 0.15°, pitch, and roll: 0.02° using a dual antenna set-up) to maintain precise vehicle operation. Additionally, the INS provides reliable speed data (0.02 m/s) for smooth and stable motion control.

In Gangneung, South Korea, a shuttle drives fully autonomously on the city’s roads. While a human driver is still required by law as a safety precaution, this is the first step to a more autonomous transport future.

SUM is collaborating with local governments to allocate bus routes for autonomous vehicles. The company operates autonomous buses on routes in Seoul, South Korea, including the Sangam Dong A2 autonomous vehicle for the Cheongwadae shuttle bus and late-night bus services. SUM also operates autonomous vehicles in Gangneung City.

According to members of the SUM team, this technology ensures accurate stops, optimal route planning, and improved passenger safety by minimizing the risk of collisions and ensuring timely arrivals. SUM’s autonomous shuttles and on-demand transit services benefit from precise positioning, allowing them to adjust routes dynamically based on real-time passenger requests and traffic conditions.

The benefits

According to SUM, coupling Septentrio’s AsteRx SBi3 Pro with SUM’s software and hardware solutions has unlocked many benefits, including:
- Enhanced safety: Precise positioning and reliable navigation are paramount for the safety of all autonomous vehicles. Septentrio’s technology ensures accurate lane positioning and collision avoidance capabilities, safeguarding people and property across multiple sectors.
- Greater reliability: Septentrio’s antennas ensure consistent and reliable performance for autonomous vehicles, even in challenging conditions. This minimizes downtime and disruptions.
- Sustainable transportation: Autonomous vehicles can potentially reduce traffic congestion and emissions across the board. SUM’s technology, which is integrated into various autonomous vehicles, contributes to a more sustainable transportation future for cities and industries.
Additional application: Autonomous port operations

In ports around the world, many aging yard trucks are still being used. However, the industry has been gradually adopting automated port operations to move away from outdated positioning methods and toward autonomous solutions that can redefine operational standards.

Early attempts at using GNSS for positioning autonomous machines in ports faced significant challenges. The chaotic environment of large moving metal machines and constantly changing container stacks created blockage and multipath position errors, making it hard to achieve reliable centimeter-level GNSS positioning.

SUM’s yard tractors utilizing Septentrio’s products.

Modern GNSS technology has revolutionized port automation with its ability to achieve centimeter-level accuracy for autonomous trucks, forklifts and container carriers to navigate narrow lanes and confined spaces with unprecedented precision, dramatically reducing collision risks. Often, autonomous port vehicles must maneuver between cranes with minimal room for errors, highlighting the importance of reliable high-precision technology in the field. This level of precision and adaptability is vital in the logistics industry, given that 90 percent of the world’s goods are transported by sea and 60 percent are packed in large steel containers.

At the Port of Incheon in South Korea, which is on the Yellow Sea across from Northern China, SUM is conducting proof of concept (POC) trials of its autonomous vehicles using Septentrio’s AsteRx-SBi3 Pro+ rugged GNSS/INS receiver. The autonomous yard trucks at Incheon Port successfully navigate autonomously between point A and point B, with the SUM team nearby to identify and resolve any issues. The SUM team said they are focused on stabilizing the system to achieve a fully unmanned operation, aiming to enhance efficiency and automation in port logistics.

SUM notes that integrating Septentrio’s technology with autonomous vehicles in smart ports simplifies operations by providing accurate positioning, enhancing safety and optimizing routes, as well as improving overall port efficiency. The integration supports the seamless operation of autonomous vehicles, helping ports manage their logistics more effectively and respond to the dynamic demands of modern cargo handling.

The autonomous port trucks also are being tested with the new AntaRx-Si3 and AntaRx-AUX antennas installed simultaneously. High update rate logging can improve CPU load and how the antenna’s robust real-time kinematic (RTK) engine uses fewer satellites to reduce the CPU load.

Overcoming positioning obstacles

SUM’s advanced online localization system is designed to continuously track the position of its autonomous vehicles, even in GNSS-compromised environments.

“Our system leverages a sophisticated sensor fusion algorithm that primarily relies on high-accuracy GNSS/INS information from the Septentrio module,” said Daehyuck Park, Ph.D., managing director at SUM. “This module serves as the core source of our positioning data.”

To improve the robustness of the localization system, the company integrated additional sensors, including lidar and cameras. These sensors provide odometry data and facilitate map-matching using static landmarks in pre-mapped areas. By combining data from these sources, SUM explains that its system can perform reliable dead reckoning and offers precise map-based pose corrections to maintain high performance across various challenging environments.

One key challenge in this approach is the potential for GNSS blockages. To address this, SUM has incorporated dead reckoning technology into its systems, which augments the GNSS/INS module’s positioning capabilities by delivering continuous position estimates even when GNSS signals are unavailable.

Integrating vehicle localization systems further enhances dead reckoning by counteracting drift caused by biases in IMU measurements.

Additional sensors such as lidar can improve dead reckoning accuracy further, particularly during movements involving high wheel slips, which dilute the precision of wheel odometry. Despite these advancements, relying solely on dead reckoning for extended distances can lead to an unbounded accumulation of positioning errors.

According to the SUM team, Septentrio’s AsteRx SBi3 Pro+, coupled with SUM’s software and hardware solutions, has unlocked many benefits. Other urban use cases include enhancing delivery services by effectively managing routes and improving traffic management through fleet coordination. SUM adds that autonomous vehicles have the potential to reduce traffic congestion and emissions across the board. SUM’s technology, integrated with a variety of autonomous vehicle applications, contributes to a more sustainable future for our cities and industries.

SUM is continuing to focus on developing solutions to ensure accurate positioning and reliable autonomous operations in challenging environments. SUM and Septentrio aim to accelerate the integration of autonomous solutions to streamline port operations and autonomous vehicle applications in urban environments. The partnership is driving progress toward a more autonomous future, with the goals of reducing costs, increasing efficiency and adapting to the challenges posed by congested GNSS environments. Their joint efforts are being rigorously tested for accurate positioning throughout an autonomous vehicle’s entire journey, even in areas where GNSS signals may be compromised.

On the cover

Saronic vessels equipped with advanced sensors in contested waters. (Photo: Septentrio / Saronic)

Anti-jamming and anti-spoofing technology protects receivers

Saronic, a Texas-based defense technology company, is leveraging the latest cutting-edge technology for their autonomous surface vessels (ASVs) designed for critical naval missions. These vessels are equipped with sensors for enhanced domain awareness in contested waters. They are designed for tactical deployment, alone or in collaborative swarms, via at-sea launch and recovery from expeditionary craft. Saronic selected Septentrio’s GNSS inertial navigation system (INS) receivers for resilient positioning and orientation for navigating in the most challenging environments. Advanced interference mitigation (AIM+) technology protects Septentrio receivers from jamming and spoofing attacks that threaten to disrupt GNSS-based navigation.
September 10, 2024
Wingtra launches map processing software upgrade

Photo: Wingtra

Wingtra has upgraded its WingtraCLOUD software platform by adding map processing capabilities. This upgrade aims to streamline the integration of aerial insights into industries such as construction, mining and urban planning.

The latest updates seek to help engineering firms and users transition more smoothly from UAV data to actionable insights. By consolidating all stages of aerial data management — from mission planning to insight sharing — into a single platform, WingtraCLOUD eliminates the need for multiple complex tools to simplify workflows.

This software is designed to reduce errors, prevent rework and accelerate project timelines, leading to increased productivity across key industries.

With WingtraCLOUD, large-scale mapping projects can be completed quickly. This rapid processing capability is ideal for industries such as construction, which helps avoid costly delays and resource waste, and mining, where it enhances safety through quick highwall inspections. In disaster scenarios, WingtraCLOUD’s fast mapping capabilities can aid in efficiently directing resources.

September 9, 2024
YellowScan, Nokia partner for 5G lidar mapping

Photo: YellowScan

YellowScan and Nokia have entered a strategic partnership to integrate YellowScan’s Surveyor Ultra lidar scanner into Nokia’s UAV solutions.

The partnership focuses on automating 5G-based lidar scanning for various applications in sectors where precision, efficiency and safety are critical, such as telecommunications tower inspections, utility maintenance and mining operations.

YellowScan’s Surveyor Ultra, integrated with Nokia’s drone-in-a-box solution, enables real-time streaming of lidar data over 5G networks. It also allows for automated, high-resolution scans and the creation of precise digital twins.

The collaboration seeks to improve safety by reducing the need for manual inspections in hazardous environments. Automated UAV inspections, powered by 5G connectivity, serve as the foundation for consistent data quality and allow for remote operations, even beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS).

September 2, 2024
A2Z Drone Delivery unveils UAV Docks portfolio

Photo: A2Z Drone Delivery

A2Z Drone Delivery has launched a portfolio of autonomous drone docks and a companion UAV adapted for the system’s automatic charging capability. The A2Z AirDock allows UAVs to autonomously move between docks for recharging and package delivery, expanding their operational range and efficiency. This system is available in four configurations: the Portable, a lightweight and foldable option suitable for transport; the Shelter, a rugged module designed for housing drones in remote areas; the Dual, which can dock and charge two UAVs simultaneously; and the Quad, an elevated installation that accommodates up to four UAVs, making it suitable for high-traffic locations. These elevated docks are designed to keep UAVs away from people and property, enhancing safety during operations.

The Longtail AirDock Edition UAV is specifically designed to integrate with the AirDock system. This hexacopter can carry payloads of up to 5 kg and travel 20 km at an altitude of 200 m. It can also move between AirDocks, which extends its operational range. Additionally, the Longtail drone employs onboard cameras, sensors, and RTK technology for precise autonomous landing, and it is built to operate in various weather conditions, including moderate rain and snow.

Users can either purchase or lease the equipment or subscribe to a drone-network-as-a-service (DNaaS) model. The company has also developed a web-based user interface for managing deliveries and patrol missions. This interface allows operators to track delivery status, request pickups, schedule patrols, and view live video feeds, contributing to overall operational management.

August 28, 2024
UAVOS tests AI navigation in GNSS-denied environments

Photo: UAVOS

UAVOS has collaborated with a client to conduct extensive testing of UAVOS’ autopilot system, which utilizes computer vision technology. UAVOS’ engineering service supported this testing with its advanced avionics system integrated into its unmanned helicopter.

The UAVOS autopilot system uses computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI) to navigate the UAV in GNSS-denied environments with precision and reliability.

The system’s onboard computer vision-based alternative navigation module, powered by deep learning algorithms, provides the UAVOS avionics system with accurate geospatial coordinates. This innovative approach allows for seamless navigation in both daylight and nighttime conditions, ensuring safe take-off and landing procedures without relying on external GNSS signals. By enabling the drone to effectively “see” and interpret its surroundings, UAVOS has created a solution that grants UAVs unprecedented autonomy and operational flexibility.

August 27, 2024
UK Ministry of Defence, QinetiQ to build anti-jamming test facility

Photo: QinetiQ

The UK Ministry of Defence will construct a new anti-jamming test facility at Boscombe Down in Wiltshire, England. This facility is designed to safeguard military equipment from threats posed by GPS jamming. A £20 million ($26 million) contract has been awarded to the defense technology firm QinetiQ, which will create one of Europe’s largest anechoic chambers, set to be operational by 2026.

This facility, referred to as a “silent hangar,” will accommodate large military assets such as Protector UAVs, Chinook helicopters and F-35 fighter jets, allowing for comprehensive testing against electronic warfare threats. Maria Eagle, the minister for defense procurement and industry, said that this facility will help eliminate vulnerabilities in military systems, thereby enhancing national security and better protecting armed forces during global deployments.

The hangar will be engineered to minimize radio-frequency wave leakage, ensuring that testing does not interfere with local emergency services and air traffic control. Additionally, according to the UK Ministry of Defence, the project is expected to generate 20 new jobs in the Boscombe Down area and will support broader applications beyond defense, benefiting various sectors of government and industry.

August 26, 2024
Launchpad: GNSS antennas and receivers, UAV upgrades, defense solutions and more

A roundup of recent products in the GNSS and inertial positioning industry from the August 2024 issue of GPS World magazine.

SURVEYING & MAPPING

Upgraded RTK Rover
Features MFi certification

The Reach RX Network real-time kinematics (RTK) rover has been upgraded to include new MFi (Made for iPhone/iPad) certification and is fully compatible with ArcGIS, QGIS and other GIS apps for both iOS and Android. Reach RX can be seamlessly integrated into GIS workflows to help industry professionals and teams collect accurate geodata at scale.

The Reach RX offers precise positioning while receiving corrections through NTRIP and tracks GPS/QZSS, Galileo, GLONASS and BeiDou. It gets a fix in less than 5 seconds, delivering centimeter-level accuracy even in challenging conditions.

It can be used for engineering, utility inspection, landscaping and other projects of any scale. According to the company, the rover will soon be compatible with QField, Blue Marble’s Global Mapper, Mergin Maps, Avenza Maps and more.

The Reach RX weighs 250 grams; is IP68-rated, waterproof and dustproof; and withstands temperatures from -20° C to +65° C.Emlid, emlid.com

Photogrammetric Software
Upgraded coordinate system functionalities

3Dsurvey 3.0 is an all-in-one photogrammetric software solution designed to unify lidar sensors, cameras on UAVs and various ground control points. Users can transition between orthophotos, point clouds and textured meshes.

Version 3.0 features upgraded coordinate system functionalities to obtain georeferenced spatial data without local transformations.

It includes improved coordinate system support, which handles transformations requiring special grid files and offers accurate GPS-to-local coordinate conversions. Additionally, the platform can automatically fetch missing geoid models.

The revamped coordinate system selection process includes presets for users to find the correct system by entering their country name, with the appropriate settings applied automatically. It has PRJ file support to enhance compatibility with various GIS standards. 3Dsurvey, 3dsurvey.si

RTK Evaluation Kit
Includes L1+L2 RTK GNSS

This real-time kinematics (RTK) evaluation kit (EVK) serves as a development platform for fixed or mobile high-precision positioning and navigation needs.

The RTK EVK comes with a range of options for prototyping, including L1+L2 RTK GNSS, with L-Band correction built-in if needed, running on an agile processor.

It features custom open-source software pre-loaded with RTK Everywhere firmware. Users can configure the EVK as an RTK base and push corrections to an NTRIP Caster or use corrections delivered through WiFi or Bluetooth.

The integrated u-blox NEO-D9S offers L-Band reception and access to correction services such as PointPerfect. The u-blox LARA-R6001D provides global cellular connectivity, and Zero-Touch RTK offers users a simple way to receive corrections. Users can register the device and enable PointPerfect — no NTRIP credentials are required. Sparkfun Electronics, sparkfun.com

GNSS Receiver
With tilt compensation

The R980 features communication capabilities to support uninterrupted field operations. It can be used for land surveying, transportation infrastructure, construction, energy, oil and gas, utilities and mining projects.

The system features Trimble’s ProPoint GNSS positioning engine and inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based tilt compensation, making it suitable for dense urban environments and under tree canopy, removing the need to level the pole when capturing data points.

It includes a dual-band UHF radio and an integrated worldwide LTE modem for receiving corrections from a local base station or VRS network. It supports the Trimble Internet Base Station Service (IBSS) for streaming RTK corrections using Trimble Access field software and features Trimble IonoGuard technology, which mitigates ionospheric disturbances for RTK GNSS. Trimble Geospatial, geospatial.trimble.com

Nautical Chart Production
Generate charts in PDF/TIF from ENC data

CARIS AutoChart, a nautical chart production solution, is tailored to the needs of nautical chart producers. It can automatically generate charts in PDF/TIF from ENC data. Users can seamlessly import data from ENC files to create comprehensive nautical charts in PDF and/or TIF format. CARIS AutoChart can generate chart templates from existing chart portfolios maintained with CARIS paper chart composer or CARIS HPD paper chart editor.

The software is designed to accommodate the unique needs of chart production facilities of all sizes. It can be used by hydrographic offices, port or waterways authorities.Teledyne Geospatial, teledyneimaging.com

Upgraded GIS Platform
Featuring native database integrations

Felt 3.0 includes new features and native database integrations to improve the capabilities of geographic information systems (GIS). It provides modern GIS tools for teams to visualize, analyze and present important insights and map data relevant to their operations.

Operators can directly connect Postgres/PostGIS and Snowflake databases for automated live data updates. The API allows users to create and style elements and listen to map updates via webhooks, while providing a Python SDK for professionals to continue to work in their preferred tools. Felt, felt.com

UAV

Gimbaled Camera
For UAV missions

The Gimbal 155 is a gimbaled camera designed for the UAV Survey Mission program. The GOS-155 meets UAV requirements for surveillance and rescue missions. Its optimized size, weight and power (SwaP) profile, advanced day and night ISR imaging, and embedded video processor make it ideal for any mid-sized UAV — whether VTOL or winged. With its low weight of 1.8 kg, and 155 mm, UAV platforms can increase endurance without sacrificing optical performance.

The GOS-155 two-axial gimbal is an EO/IR system, comprising a 30x optical zoom HD (1280 x 720) visible camera paired with a fixed focal length uncooled thermal LWIR (1280 x 1024) camera. This allows users to collect intricate visuals across visible and infrared spectrums.

It includes embedded video processing with electronic stabilization and object tracking and can be integrated with external GPS/INS with real-time target location at 20 m across multiple environments, and around 5 m using UAVOS’ Ground Control Station software. UAVOS, uavos.com

Tactical Grade INS
Tailored to unmanned systems

The FN 200C combines multiple functions into a single integrated platform. It features a three-in-one strapdown system compromising motion reference unit (MRU), attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) and inertial navigation system (INS) capabilities for precise positioning, velocity and orientation data in both static and dynamic movements.

It is equipped with fiber optic gyroscopes (FOG) and MEMS accelerometers. The FN 200C’s inertial measurement unit (IMU) offers accurate and reliable navigation data even in challenging conditions. The system supports various correction methods such as SBAS, DGPS, RTK, and PPP for real-time navigation and positioning in a wide range of applications.

The FN 200C utilizes NovAtel OEM7, u-blox ZED-F9P or Septentrio mosaic-H GNSS receivers to provide precise positioning information across multiple GNSS constellations. With embedded anti-jamming and spoofing features, the FN 200C offers reliable operation in environments where signal interference may be present.

The FN 200C is ideal for unmanned systems applications, including land-based surveying, aerial mapping, maritime navigation and more, delivering precise and reliable navigation data to meet the most demanding requirements. According to FIBERPRO, the system’s advanced technology, robust design and comprehensive feature set ensure that it will revolutionize navigation and operation in today’s dynamic and challenging environments. FIBERPRO, fiberpro.com

Upgraded UAV
With a modifiable flight controller

The RDSX Pelican extended-range hybrid vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) delivery UAV is now offered with an easily modifiable flight controller, designed for users to more readily integrate customized flight systems and companion software.

The RDSX Pelican combines the reliability and flight stability of a multirotor craft with the extended range of a fixed-wing airframe. Its customizable payload bay can be factory-integrated with the A2Z Drone Delivery RDS2 commercial delivery winch to support a variety of logistics operations.

Engineered to operate within the FAA’s 55-pound max takeoff weight for Part 107 compliance, the Pelican is rated to carry payloads up to 5 kg on operations up to 40 km roundtrip. The flexibility of the Pelican’s cargo bay makes it ideal for logistics missions or deployment with payloads customized for aerial mapping, UAV inspection, forestry services, search and rescue operations, water sample collection, offshore deliveries, mining and more.

With the RDSX Pelican now operating on the Cube flight controller (CUAV X7+), users can integrate their preferred systems — including ground control software, radio beacons and other companion software systems. A2Z Drone Delivery, a2zdronedelivery.com

GNSS Positioning Modules
Compatible with UAVs and robotics

The Linnet ZED-F9P is built around u-blox’s ZED-F9P RTK module. It offers multiband signal reception including GPS L1 and L2 for precise positioning, even in areas with low satellite coverage. In addition to USB-C connectivity, it features UART, SPI and I2C interfaces for easy integration into a variety of UAV and robotics platforms.

Linnet Mosaic X5 RTK-GNSS module is based on Septentrio’s mosaic-X5 module, with multifrequency signal tracking including GPS L5. The module features an onboard CPU that runs a full internal web-based user interface for configuration and monitoring, as well as integrated NTRIP corrections. Other capabilities include built-in anti-jamming and anti-spoofing protection and a spectrum analyzer. Systork, systork.io

MOBILE

“Patch-In-A-Patch” Antenna
Maintains dual-band L1/L5 performance

Inception is a new GNSS L1/L5 ultra-low-profile “patch-in-a-patch” antenna. The HP5354.A offers dual-band stacked patch performance in a single 35 mm x 35 mm x 4 mm form factor. This design integrates the second antenna within the first, eliminating the need for stacking parts and reducing the antenna height by 50%.

The HP5354.A antenna features a passive, dual-feed surface mount design (SMD) to decrease weight and conserve horizontal space. This makes it suitable for GNSS applications requiring high precision and limited space. The antenna improves positioning accuracy from 3 m to 1.5 m while maintaining dual-band L1/L5 performance.

With a passive peak gain of 2.61 dBi, the HP5354.A can be used for GPS L1/L5, BeiDou B1, Galileo E1, and GLONASS G1 operations. Its dual-feed design maintains circular polarization gain even when the antenna is de-tuned or requires in-situ tuning.

It is ideal for applications such as asset tracking, smart agriculture, industrial tracking, commercial UAVs and autonomous vehicles. The HP5354.A uses Taoglas’ custom electro-ceramics formula, ensuring high-quality performance and seamless integration into devices requiring high-precision GNSS.

The Taoglas HC125A hybrid coupler can combine the dual feeds for the L1 patch, offering high RHCP gain and optimal axial ratio for upper constellations including GPS L1, BeiDou B1, Galileo E1 and GLONASS G1. The Taoglas TFM.100B L1/L5 front-end module can be incorporated into the device PCB, aiming to save valuable real estate and up to two years of complex design work, according to the company. Taoglas, taoglas.com

Waterproof GNSS Antenna
Built-in LNA

The external antenna features an adhesive mount and sealed IP67-rated waterproof protection. It is an active GPS/GNSS antenna that includes a built-in low noise amplifier (LNA) for enhanced performance, making it ideal for applications where the receiver is close to the antenna and in environments where signal strength is strong, such as open areas with a clear line of sight.

This type of antenna can amplify weak signals received from satellites by improving signal quality and reducing noise. It requires an external power source to operate the built-in LNA and is less sensitive to signal loss due to longer cable lengths. It is connected to an SMA connector at the end of a 3 m pigtail. The antennas can be used in navigation, location-based services and fleet management applications. Amphenol RF, amphenolrf.com

DEFENSE

AI and Quantum-Powered Navigation System
When GPS signals are compromised

AQNav is designed for navigation across air, land and sea when GPS signals are jammed or unavailable.

AQNav is a geomagnetic navigation system that uses proprietary artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, powerful quantum sensors and the Earth’s crustal magnetic field. The system seeks to provide an un-jammable, all-weather, terrain-agnostic, real-time navigation solution in situations where GPS signals are unavailable, denied or spoofed.

The system uses extremely sensitive quantum magnetometers to acquire data from Earth’s crustal magnetic field, which exhibits geographically unique patterns. It uses AI algorithms to compare this data against known magnetic maps, allowing the system to quickly and accurately find its position.

It is available globally, does not rely on visual ground features or satellite transmissions to function and is not affected by weather conditions. AQNav can be integrated into a wide variety of platforms. Its passive technology emits no electronic signals, which reduces the aircraft’s detectability. SandboxAQ, sandboxaq.com

PNT Solution
Operates with or without GNSS signals

TRNAV is a terrestrial navigation solution designed to operate with or without GNSS signals.

It establishes a mesh network of ground stations capable of operating independently from GNSS by using precise pre-established locations or connecting to GNSS when available. TRNAV’s synchronized timing system ensures a minimal drift of 10 ns during a week without GNSS.

The system features a re-synchronization capability that allows the entire network to be updated instantly when just one station reconnects to a GNSS satellite, maintaining high precision across all platforms. Users can integrate mobile stations to enhance network flexibility and range, with the potential to cover distances up to 250 km.

TRNAV also offers a high-bandwidth communication channel for communication capabilities within the established network. The system employs AES-256 encryption and advanced waveform technologies, including DSSS/FHSS for robust and secure operations in challenging environments. TUALCOM, tualcom.com

Software-Defined Radio
Designed for mission-critical systems

Calamine is a four-channel wide tuning range software-defined radio (SDR) that can be integrated into mission-critical systems for the defense, GNSS, communications and test and measurement markets.

The SDR offers a tuning range from near DC to 40 GHz with four independent receiver radio chains, each offering 300 MSPS sampling bandwidth. It is tailored to government, defense and intelligence communities and civil users with direct applications for radar systems, signal intelligence, spectrum monitoring and satellite communications systems. Per Vices, pervices.com

C-UAS Solution
For electronic warfare

The Skyjacker is a multi-domain electronic warfare counter unmanned aerial system (C-UAS), suitable against swarms and high-speed threats. It is designed as a response to threats posed by UAVs in the battlespace and at sensitive installations.

Skyjacker alters the trajectory of a UAS by simulating the GNSS signals that guide it toward its target.

Skyjacker is particularly well suited to countering saturation attacks, such as swarming UAVs. The system also can defeat isolated drones piloted remotely by an operator and deliver effects at ranges from 1 km to 10 km (6 mi).

It can be integrated with an array of sensors, such as optronic sights, radars, radiofrequency detectors, lasers, communication jammers and other effectors. Skyjacker can be deployed as a mobile version or interconnected with existing surveillance and fire control systems on land vehicles or naval vessels. Safran Electronics & Defense, safran-group.com

August 26, 2024
UAV updates

Photo: Archer Aviation

Is it possible that we have already oversold the potential — or at least the timing — for when we expect operational electrical vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) air taxis? United, Delta, Southwest, and other airlines seem intent on being part of the coming air taxi game, but locking up future potential without anything delivered could be risky.

Now, this eVTOL stuff is not cheap, and it does not come quickly—it takes a massive amount of investment and effort to create a new mode of air transport, especially if it could be wholly or even partially autonomous. Most eVTOL outfits have decided to launch initially with a piloted option, leaving autonomy for later.

The initial stages of the development process involve reviewing the designs, followed by vetting and selecting subcontractors. A strategic plan is then established to develop a few operational prototypes. Alongside this, a firm strategy must be created to ensure compliance with agency regulations, resulting in the demonstration of proof of concept.

The process could be accelerated with a piloted airframe derived from a proven baseline, but eVTOLs are a new concept. Although partially derived from UAVs, eVTOLs differ significantly from existing aircraft. UAVs are not big enough to carry passengers and have not received approval to transport people. True, the automation angle has taken significant steps forward in recent years, but certifying that these systems will always operate correctly, without minimal chance of failure while flying over city centers and over many, many people – well, that’s another coat of many colors! Let’s just say these are BIG STEPS to initiate a new form of air transportation.

Nevertheless, despite the excitement and seemingly optimistic timelines for achieving FAA or other regulatory approval for fully operational eVTOL aircraft capable of safely transporting passengers, most major airlines have already committed to significant purchases and investments in this technology.

United Airlines conditionally committed to buy 200 Archer Aviation Midnight eVTOL aircraft for $1 billion in early 2021, added an option of $500 million for another 100, and recently took more partial ownership when Archer pursued a public listing through a merger with Special Acquisition Company (SPAC) Atlas Crest Investment Corp.

Archer has been moving its aspirations in several other directions while it works closely with the FAA to achieve certification of the Midnight eVTOL. Notably, the company has been granted a Part 135 Air Carrier and Operation certification by the FAA, which allows Archer to operate a for-profit airline with not only the Midnight eVTOL but also existing commercial aircraft, presumably including helicopters. Using other aircraft in the interim could allow Archer to prove out routes before having operational eVTOLs available and generate revenue. United and Archer have already selected at least one initial route in Chicago, from the city center to O’Hare airport.

Archer has also been busy signing up partners in Korea. Demonstrations are planned for Q4 2024 and in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and other locations across the UAE. The forecasting service will start in late 2025.

Back in the U.S., Southwest Airlines — another Archer investor — is also working with the company on the West Coast to develop routes around population centers in California. Archer has signed up with a local developer to establish Vertiports, locations with suitable ground access for passengers, landing/take-off and rapid charging facilities for eVTOL aircraft and existing helicopters. Southwest plans to install these stations at five locations: South San Francisco, Napa, San Jose, Oakland, and Livermore.

Another agreement with Signature Aviation is designed to provide Archer with access to general aviation terminals and electrical supply for eVTOL operations in New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco Bay Area, and Texas, including United Airline hubs at Newark International (EWR) and Chicago O’Hare (ORD) Airports, as soon as the end of 2025, almost the exact date that United expects to start eVTOL passenger ferry services to and from O’Hare.

Stellantis has also invested around $150 million in Archer, plus another $55 million in June 2024, as the two work on establishing a high-volume 350,000 sq ft eVTOL manufacturing facility in Georgia. A new agreement between the two companies brings additional investment, intended to take the facility to a yearly build output of 650 eVTOLs.

Photo: Joby Aviation

Unlike United, Delta Airlines and Joby Aviation aim for door-to-door service, intending to pick up passengers at their own homes and bring them directly to Delta at the airport. With fewer, larger propellers, Joby claims a top speed of 200 mph, compared to Midnight’s 150 mph. Apparently, both Midnight and the Joby eVTOL have a passenger capacity of one pilot plus four passengers.

Another significant June 2023 investment in Joby was reported to have come from SK Telecom (SKT) in Korea, which made an equity investment of $100 million in Joby. The Korean government is promoting aerial ride-sharing through a phased demonstration program, for which the partners signed up to participate in early 2022. Joby was also certified to be a Part 135 air carrier almost two years earlier than Archer.

Both Archer and Joby have already delivered eVTOL aircraft to the U.S. Air Force (USAF) for on-base evaluation. The USAF has been promoting eVTOL development for some time, not only for on-base logistics but also, apparently, evaluation for front-line resupply operations.

Eve eVTOL rolls out and is joining the flight test program. (Photo: Eve Air Mobility)

Eve Air Mobility has received significant investment from aircraft manufacturer Embraer in Brazil, and Toyota is supporting high-volume manufacturing. This year, contact was made with Air-X in Japan to buy ten aircraft with options for 40 more—just one customer of several who have placed Letters of Intent to buy over 3,000 Eve eVTOL aircraft. United Airlines is another one of those customers who also placed a conditional order for 200 Eve eVTOL and options for another 200 aircraft back in 2022.

This is a very short overview of just a few of over 200 potential eVTOL-piloted and autonomous UAV manufacturers that have turned into passenger-carrying air taxis. The partial investment story behind these companies and their air-mobility adventures indicates that even though it is going to be quite some time before these aircraft start to hop over cities to airports – making a potential two-hour journey in 10-15 minutes at the exact projected cost as existing ride-sharing, a lot is riding on a successful outcome. Maybe United’s duel track investment in both Archer and Joby will also ensure that one or the other will bear fruit. These few outfits we’ve reviewed have a long way to go, but their investing partners seem to have accepted the risk and have faith that their long-term roll of the dice will end up in their favor.

August 21, 2024
Skyfront releases UAV magnetometer

Photo: Skyfront

Skyfront has released the Skyfront MagniPhy, a UAV magnetometer designed for surveying, mineral prospecting, locating orphaned wellheads, and detecting landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO). The MagniPhy aims to enhance data quality, efficiency, and safety in these applications.

The Skyfront MagniPhy features a new enclosure and universal attachment mechanism compatible with third-party magnetometer sensors and a variety of UAVs, including DJI, ArduPilot, and PX4-based models. Developed in collaboration with Geometrics, of the MagArrow II UAS-enabled magnetometer, the MagniPhy is available for existing MagArrow users and other UAV magnetometer operators through retrofit services or as a new kit for seamless integration.

The MagniPhy offers improved data quality and enhanced ability to detect subterranean objects, thanks to its rigid attachment, which maintains constant magnetometer heading during flight and minimizes magnetic noise. Its aerodynamic design reduces motion-induced noise and enhances performance in high winds. Additionally, the device is highly portable, folding from 16.4 ft to 1.4 ft to fit in carry-on luggage, and features swappable batteries providing up to eight hours of operation.

Skyfront’s high-endurance hybrid gas-electric multicopter UAVs complement the MagniPhy’s capabilities, enabling extensive magnetic surveys. These systems are deployed globally for various applications, including finding abandoned oil and gas wellheads in the U.S. and detecting landmines and UXO in Ukraine. The MagniPhy offers a safer and more efficient solution to traditional helicopter surveys and short-duration battery-powered UAVs.

August 20, 2024
AUKUS conducts trials for autonomous, AI-enabled sensing systems

Photo: AUKUS

AUKUS, the trilateral security partnership between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, deployed autonomous and artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled sensing systems during the Resilient and Autonomous Artificial Intelligence Technology (RAAIT) trials, showcasing advancements in their Pillar II advanced capabilities initiative.

The trials took place at multinational Project Convergence exercises hosted by the United States Army. Military personnel from the three AUKUS nations tested autonomous and AI-enabled sensing capabilities in a multi-domain battlespace—land, maritime, air, and cyber—that minimized the time between sensing enemy targets, deciding how to respond, and responding to the threat.

Once integrated into national platforms, these new sensing systems are designed to provide more reliable data, which can enable commanders to make optimal decisions and allow service members to respond more quickly to kinetic threats.

During the RAAIT exercise, a sophisticated plug-in for the Tactical Assault Kit (TAK) demonstrated impressive capabilities in enhancing military operations. This map-based software application allowed a UK RedKite UAV to dynamically detect opposing force locations by making real-time adjustments based on collected data. Simultaneously, a second UAV provided high-resolution imagery for confirmation. The integrated system seamlessly transmitted this critical information to the Tactical Operations Center (TOC), where a designated “AI officer” provided essential human oversight. Upon verification, the officer authorized an Australian XT-8 UAV to execute a simulated strike. The success of this TAK plug-in has prompted the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) to plan its wider distribution, showcasing the potential for enhanced interoperability among AUKUS partners.

“It used to be that each nation used its own datasets to develop separate models and deploy those models on their own platforms. Under RAAIT, we’ve matured the AI pipeline, focusing on interchangeability and interoperability, which allows for any combinations of datasets, models, algorithms and platforms to be used across all three nations,” said Dr. Kimberly Sablon, the Principal Director of Trusted Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.

Lessons learned at the RAAIT trials will be used for future training events. The AUKUS Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy (AIA) Working Group hopes to use these findings to develop an AIA ecosystem that will one day enable the three partner nations to share data for operational success in contested environments.

August 13, 2024