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Tag: Lockheed

  • Cleared for the dirt: How robotic rovers are revolutionizing military runway assessment

    Cleared for the dirt: How robotic rovers are revolutionizing military runway assessment

    Tactical air-lifters such as the Airbus A400M, Lockheed C-130 and Boeing C-17 require precise runway roughness assessments to operate safely on unpaved surfaces. An autonomous rover system developed at the Royal Military Academy of Belgium uses RTK/PPK GNSS positioning and sensor fusion to deliver centimeter-level height measurements, drastically reducing survey time. The system provides a practical solution for rapid runway certification across military operations and humanitarian response missions.

    Unpaved runway assessment

    The Airbus A400M Atlas, the Lockheed C-130 Hercules and the Boeing C-17 Globemaster III routinely operate from unpaved runways in harsh environments far from established infrastructure. Before these aircraft can safely land, flight crews require accurate runway roughness data to assess whether the surface meets operational limits. This assessment relies on precise, quantitative measurements of the runway’s surface characteristics — a task that traditionally requires specialized survey teams and hours of manual work with GNSS equipment, resources that are often unavailable in high-tempo tactical or emergency response scenarios.

    The challenge is particularly acute because different aircraft have specific roughness tolerances. The A400M uses an equivalent bump height (EBH) methodology, while Boeing employs its Boeing Bump Criteria. The EBH requires vertical measurement precision of ±1 cm over wavelengths ranging from 5 to 100 meters. Meeting these stringent requirements with rapid, field-deployable methods has remained an operational gap — until now.

    At the Royal Military Academy (RMA) of Belgium, we developed a novel solution to this critical challenge. Our system features a rugged, autonomous unmanned ground vehicle that can rapidly perform a centimeter-accurate runway assessment with minimal user intervention. It represents a fusion of robotics, geodesy, and advanced GNSS techniques, designed specifically for ease of use by military teams in the field. The system is called Belgian Navigational Surface Inspector (BENSI).

    FIGURE 1 shows the BENSI system during a mission at a tactical landing zone with the A400Min the background. FIGURE 2 shows the BENSI system being configured by the operator during a landing preparation.

    Figure 1 The autonomous UGV (BENSI) during a mission at a tactical landing zone with the A400M Atlas in the background.
    Figure 1 The autonomous UGV (BENSI) during a mission at a tactical landing zone with the A400M Atlas in the background.
    Figure 2 The BENSI system being configured by the operator during the beach landing preparation at Rømø, Denmark.
    Figure 2 The BENSI system being configured by the operator
    during the beach landing preparation at Rømø, Denmark.

    This article details the system’s architecture, the integration of multiple technologies that enable the stringent precision required achieved by GNSS and sensor fusion, self-driving capabilities and its successful deployment in demanding field tests. We present a military graded solution for ensuring tactical airlift safety, enabled by modern, accessible GNSS technology and robotics.

    Quantifying runway roughness

    Deployable Air Traffic Management (DATM) and Pathfinders are responsible for ensuring the safety of aircraft operations on unpaved runways. They are tasked with assessing the quality of the runway and the Runway Safety Area (RSA) to ensure that the aircraft can land safely. The pilots analyze their assessment and take the final decision to land.

    FIGURE 3 is an example of a landing zone having an unpaved runway that needs to be evaluated for landing. FIGURE 4 overviews the landing zone by mapping and indicating features of the runway that need to be considered by the pilots. An important aspect of the DATM’s assessment is the runway’s roughness, which is quantified by the EBH.

    Figure 3 An example of a tactical landing zone.
    Figure 3 An example of a tactical landing zone.

    For modern military transport aircraft operations, runway roughness assessment is a critical safety parameter. Both major manufacturers — Airbus with its EBH methodology and Boeing with its Boeing Bump Criteria — have developed sophisticated approaches to characterize runway longitudinal roughness profiles. These methods analyze height variations over wavelengths ranging from 5 to 100 meters, requiring vertical measurement precision of ±1 cm. This rigorous assessment is essential to reduce aircraft structural fatigue, minimize maintenance costs, prevent exceedance of design limit loads, and ultimately ensure safe operations. For the A400M specifically, Airbus requires EBH characterization to determine operational limitations of the aircraft’s maximum payload.

    Figure 4 A typical mapping of a landing zone showing a condensed overview of DATM’s assessment.
    Figure 4 A typical mapping of a landing zone showing a
    condensed overview of DATM’s assessment.

    Traditionally, achieving this precision would involve a painstaking survey conducted by specialists using a GNSS survey system mounted on a trolley requiring human guidance along the measurement tracks totaling more than 3 km of length. For military units like the DATM and Pathfinder teams, who often are the first on the ground, this is impractical. They need a system that is rapid, reliable, simple to operate without a surveying background, and robust enough for field conditions.

    A GNSS-Centric design

    Our solution is a two-part system designed for rapid deployment: a portable GNSS base station and autonomous rover. FIGURE 5 shows a schematic overview of the system architecture.

    Figure 5 A schematic overview of the system architecture, showing the data (NMEA) and correction (RTCM) flow between the base station, rover and operator.
    Figure 5 A schematic overview of the system architecture, showing the data (NMEA) and correction (RTCM) flow between the base station, rover and operator.

    The base station: The system’s anchor

    Housed in a compact, portable case, weighing just 2 kg including tripod and radios (as seen in FIGURE 2), it serves as the operational hub. Once set up on its lightweight tripod, it performs an automatic survey to establish its precise coordinates. Its primary role for positioning is to generate and transmit Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) 3.x correction data to the rover via a robust long-range radio link (operating in the868/900MHz bands).

    Beyond its GNSS duties, the base station acts as a self-contained command center. It hosts a Wi-Fi hotspot and a web server, allowing the operator to connect with any standard tablet, smartphone or laptop. This web interface is used for mission planning, command and control of the rover, and real-time monitoring of survey progress. At the end of the mission, the operator can download the EBH data and additional quality metrics of the runway for analysis such as a summary report of the complete measurement, a gradient analysis, and a runway map highlighting zones with bumps or troughs exceeding the specified criteria.

    An autonomous, all-terrain surveyor

    The UGV is a lightweight but rugged platform chosen for its durability and open-source software architecture, which allows for deep integration of our custom navigation and control algorithms. The rover has been designed to be able to traverse rough terrain and survive in harsh weather conditions. The UGV consists of two parts, the chassis (11 kg) and the processing payload(8 kg). The heart of the rover is the processing payload, which contains a sophisticated sensor suite designed for high-precision localization and navigation.

    ■ Primary GNSS receiver. A high-grade, multi-constellation Septentrio receiver with a Calian/Tallysman GNSS antenna provides the main source of positioning information.

    ■ GNSS heading. A second Calian/Tallysman GNSS antenna, set up in a moving-base configuration, provides degree-accurate true heading, which is critical for maintaining precise track-following.

    ■ Inertial measurement unit (IMU). An industrial-grade Xsens IMU provides high-frequency data on the rover’s orientation and acceleration, bridging any brief GNSS outages, providing the sensor fusion algorithm with high-rate data, and helping to smooth the final trajectory.

    ■  Radio communication. The radio modules provide robust long-range communication with the base station operating in the 868/900MHz bands.

    ■ Wheel odometry. Encoders on the rover’s wheels provide continuous velocity information, acting as a crucial input for the sensor fusion algorithm. All sensor data is fed into an onboard mini-PC running the Robot Operating System, a flexible framework for developing robotic applications.

    Path to precision

    Achieving centimeter-level accuracy on a moving platform in challenging environments requires more than just a good GNSS receiver. Our approach is built on a robust foundation of sensor fusion and a dual processing strategy using real-time kinematic and post-processing kinematic (RTK/PPK). An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is at the core of the rover’s navigation software. The EKF continuously fuses data from the GNSS receivers, IMU and wheel encoders to produce a single, high-integrity “pose” (position and orientation) estimate.

    For runway surveying, we employ two modes of GNSS processing:

    RTK. During the mission, the rover uses the RTCM corrections from the base station to compute a centimeter-accurate position in real-time. This is used for autonomous navigation, allowing the rover to follow its generated mission plan configured by the operator with high precision.

    PPK. While RTK provides excellent real-time results, the most demanding applications benefit from post-processing. Both the rover and the base station log all raw GNSS observables during the mission. After the survey is complete, these raw data files are processed together which allows for more rigorous quality control and can often resolve ambiguities or fix cycle slips that were not solvable in real-time, providing the definitive, highest accuracy trajectory for the EBH analysis.

    A final crucial step is extracting the height profile for each EBH track and subsequently transforming and reformatting this data for Airbus’ AssurTool. The step also is automated and carried out by the software. It takes care of the following:

    ■ The conversion of the geodetic coordinates (latitude, longitude, and height above the World Geodetic System 1984 [WGS84] ellipsoid) to Universal Transverse Mercator plane coordinates and orthometric heights (heights relative to a geoid).

    ■ The extraction of the height profile of each EBH track.

    ■ Quality control of the precision of the height profile flags tracks that do not meet the required accuracy or show inconsistencies.

    ■ The transformation and reformatting of this data for Airbus’ AssurTool.

    Self-driving capabilities

    The rover uses a navigation framework with a custom planner for generating smooth, curved paths that match the rover’s turning capabilities and steers the rover using a controller based on the Regulated Pure Pursuit tracking algorithm. A specialized lane-generation algorithm creates optimal survey patterns from runway corner points, with behavior-tree recovery strategies for robust operation.

    FIGURE 6 shows a typical EBH survey pattern generated from the mission plan and executed by the rover and a depiction of how the rover plans the smooth curved path between the lanes.

    Figure 6 Features of the navigation framework used for planning the EBH tracks. (a) A typical EBH survey pattern generated from the mission plan and executed by the rover. (b) A depiction of how the rover plans the smooth curved path between the lanes.
    Figure 6 Features of the navigation framework used for planning the EBH tracks. (a) A typical EBH survey pattern generated from the mission plan and executed by the rover. (b) A depiction of how the rover plans the smooth curved path between the lanes.

    A streamlined workflow

    The system was designed from the ground up to be operated by non-surveyors. A typical mission workflow is as follows:

    Setup. The operator places the base station on a tripod near the runway and unfolds the rover. The entire hardware setup takes less than 10 minutes.

    Mission planning. Using a ruggedized tablet (or any other device with a web browser), the operator connects to the base station’s WiFi and opens the web interface. They define the runway by entering the coordinates of the runway’s corners. The software automatically calculates the EBH lines based on the required spacing. FIGURE 7a shows the user interface displayed on a tablet, showing the EBH mission configuration page.

    Figure 7a The user interface of the web application.
    Figure 7a The user interface displayed on a tablet, showing the EBH mission configuration.

    Execution. The operator initiates the mission, and the UGV autonomously navigates to the start of the first line and begins the survey. The operator can monitor and control the rover’s progress, position, and GNSS quality status in real-time on the web interface. FIGURE 7b shows the user interface displayed on a tablet, showing the rover control, the real-time status of the UGV and the measurements.

    Figure 7b The tablet showing the rover control and the real-time status of the UGV and the EBH results.
    Figure 7b The tablet showing the rover control and the real-time status of the UGV and the EBH results.

    Data retrieval. Upon completion, the rover returns to the base station. The system automatically processes the data, producing downloadable files formatted for direct import into Airbus’ AssurTool and additional useful quality metrics for the operator. These consist of a summary report of the complete measurement, a gradient analysis, and a runway map highlighting zones with bumps or troughs exceeding the specified criteria.

    Analyzing the data

    Once the rover completes its survey and returns to the base station, the system automatically initiates post-processing of the collected data. This critical step validates the quality of every measurement and generates operator-ready outputs for both Airbus’ AssurTool and field assessment.

    The post-processing pipeline applies rigorous quality criteria to each survey line. Lines failing these criteria are automatically flagged with detailed diagnostics explaining the cause.

    For operational decision-making, the system generates a comprehensive visualization report. The operators receive planimetric maps showing the height profile plots and a detailed gradient analysis identifying critical slope transitions. A key capability is the generation of a 3D interpolated height map of the entire runway surface. This color-coded surface map provides an intuitive view of the runway’s topography, clearly highlighting zones with excessive bumps, depressions, or gradient anomalies that facilitates the assessment of the runway.

    These analysis reports are accessible through the web interface for immediate download to the operator’s tablet. FIGURES 8 shows examples of the visualization report.

    Figure 8a 2D height and gradient contour maps of two surfaces generated by the BENSI system. (a) A height contour map of two landing zone (LZ) surfaces automatically generated by the BENSI system.
    Figure 8a 2D height and gradient contour maps of two surfaces generated by the BENSI system. (a) A height contour map of two landing zone (LZ) surfaces automatically generated by the BENSI system.
    Figure 8b A gradient contour map of two LZ surfaces automatically generated by the BENSI system.
    Figure 8b A gradient contour map of two LZ surfaces automatically generated by the BENSI system.

    Proven performance

    The UGV system is a mature prototype that has been validated in numerous international military exercises. It has successfully surveyed tactical landing zones in varied environments, from the desert strips of Yuma, Arizona, and 29 Palms, California, to the sandy shores of Denmark and fields in France, Portugal and Italy. In all tests, the system has consistently delivered the sub-centimeter height precision required for A400M EBH certification.

    2025 Rømø Head-to-Head Trial. During beach-landing preparations in August 2025, our autonomous rover and a manual system (human-guided trolley) using a professional GNSS survey system ran side-by-side on a 1 000m landing zone on the Rømø beach in Denmark. The BENSI solution matched the manual survey system height profile with a standard deviation of 8mm and demonstrated significantly better lane-tracking consistency (mean deviation: 8,5 cm vs 16 cm and deviation error: 3 cm vs 9 cm). FIGURE 9 shows the height-error distribution between the BENSI system and the manual survey system at Rømø, Denmark.

    Figure 9 Height-error distribution between the BENSI system and the manual survey system at Rømø, Denmark.
    Figure 9 Height-error distribution between the BENSI system and the manual survey system at Rømø, Denmark.

    Rapid humanitarian response

    While BENSI was conceived for tactical airlift operations, its capabilities extend naturally to humanitarian assistance and disaster-relief missions. Belgium’s civil rapid-response unit Belgian First Aid & Support Team (B-FAST) routinely deploys doctors, paramedics, firefighters, and other professionals worldwide following earthquakes, floods, or epidemics. Leveraging the A400M’s ability to land on short, unpaved strips away from congested or contested airfields drastically cuts transit times — but only if the runway’s condition can be certified quickly.

    The BENSI systems enables a DATM team to quickly relay an EBH report and awareness map of the immediate area to the inbound aircrew. This rapid assessment unlocks critical early access for life-saving medical supplies and personnel when every hour counts.

    Conclusion and the Road Ahead

    The fusion of autonomous robotics and high-precision GNSS offers a powerful solution to the critical challenge of certifying unpaved runways. Our system saves valuable time, reduces the burden on specialized personnel, and provides objective, high-quality data that directly enhances the safety of tactical airlift operations.

    Development is ongoing. Our current efforts focus on several key areas:

    ■  Improving navigation in degraded environments. We are exploring tighter coupling between the GNSS and IMU to provide more robust navigation through areas of poor satellite visibility.

    ■ RSA assessment. We are experimenting with integrating a lidar sensor to generate a 3D point cloud of the runway and its surroundings. This will automate obstacle detection and the assessment of the RSA, though we are carefully working to mitigate potential electromagnetic interference from the lidar that can interfere with GNSS reception.

    ■ Handheld corner point device. To further improve absolute accuracy, we are developing a small, handheld device that uses RTK corrections from the base station, allowing operators to mark the runway corners with centimeter-level precision.

    This project demonstrates a clear application of GNSS technology in a demanding military aviation context, with broader implications for any field requiring rapid and precise surface profiling, from civil engineering to disaster response.

    Development Team

    ■ Pieterjan De Meulemeester ([email protected]) is a Ph.D. research engineer at the RMA of Belgium.

    ■ Alain Muls ([email protected]) is professor at the RMA of Belgium. He teaches the courses Military Satellite Based Positioning andMilitary Geodesy.

    ■ Jarno Van Audenhoven ([email protected]) is a Robotics Development and Research Engineer at the RMA of Belgium.

    ■ Pascal De Kimpe is a technician at the RMA of Belgium.

    ■ The BENSI system was developed by the R&D team at the RMA of Belgium in collaboration with Belgian Defense. The system has been successfully field-tested during international military exercises and is being evaluated for operational deployment.

    All photos courtesy of BENSI Development Team of the Royal Military Academy of Belgium

  • May 27 ION webinar focuses on hurricane hunters

    May 27 ION webinar focuses on hurricane hunters

    Edge of Tropical Storm Eta seen from NOAA WP-3D Orion N42RF Kermit on Nov. 10, 2020. (Photo: NOAA)
    Edge of Tropical Storm Eta seen from NOAA WP-3D Orion N42RF Kermit on Nov. 10, 2020. (Photo: NOAA)

    Hurricane season starts June 1. Every year on that date, two Lockheed WP-3D Orion aircraft and a crew from NOAA’s Aircraft Operations Center deploy as “Hurricane Hunters,” flying directly into violent hurricanes to perform aerial weather reconnaissance.

    Data gathered helps forecasters make accurate predictions on hurricane strength, direction and threats to land and life. But what is it like to fly these missions? What navigation tools and instruments are used? How do weather conditions impact these flights?

    On May 27, the Institute of Navigation will host a webinar presented by Lt. Cmdr. Brian Richards, WP-3D Orion navigator and training section chief for NOAA’s Aircraft Operations Center. Deborah Lawrence, Federal Aviation Administration, will moderate. Space is limited; register early to secure a spot.

    “Hurricane Hunters: Navigating a Plane through a Hurricane”
    Thursday, May 27, at 11:00 a.m. EDT

     

  • Geoscience Australia, Lockheed collaborate on multi-GNSS SBAS research

    Geoscience Australia, Lockheed collaborate on multi-GNSS SBAS research

    Geoscience Australia, an agency of the Commonwealth of Australia, and Lockheed Martin have entered into a collaborative research project to show how augmenting signals from multiple GNSS constellations can enhance positioning, navigation and timing for a range of applications.

    Other partners are Inmarsat and GMV.

    The research project aims to demonstrate how a second-generation Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) testbed can — for the first time — use signals from both GPS and the Galileo constellation, as well as dual frequencies, to achieve greater GNSS integrity and accuracy.

    Over two years, the testbed will validate applications in nine industry sectors: agriculture, aviation, construction, maritime, mining, rail, road, spatial and utilities.

    To improve precision navigation, a second-generation SBAS will use signals from both GPS and Galileo, and dual frequencies, to achieve even greater GNSS integrity and accuracy.
    To improve precision navigation, a second-generation SBAS will use signals from both GPS and Galileo, and dual frequencies, to achieve even greater GNSS integrity and accuracy. (Graphic: Lockheed Martin)

    In January, the Australian Government announced $12 million in funding for the trial of SBAS technology.

    “Many industries rely on GNSS signals for accurate, safe navigation. Users must be confident in the position solutions calculated by GNSS receivers. The term ‘integrity’ defines the confidence in the position solutions provided by GNSS,” says Vince Di Pietro, chief executive of Lockheed Martin Australia and New Zealand. “Industries where safety-of-life navigation is crucial want assured GNSS integrity.”

    Ultimately, the second-generation SBAS testbed will broaden understanding of how this technology can benefit safety, productivity, efficiency and innovation in Australia’s industrial and research sectors, according to Lockheed.

    “We are excited to have an opportunity to work with Geoscience Australia and Australian industry to demonstrate the best possible GNSS performance and proud that Australia will be leading the way to enhance space-based navigation and industry safety,” Di Pietro adds.

    Basic GNSS signals are accurate enough for many civil positioning, navigation and timing users. However, these signals require augmentation to meet higher safety-of-life navigation requirements. The second-generation SBAS will mitigate that issue.

    Once the SBAS testbed is operational, basic GNSS signals will be monitored by widely-distributed reference stations operated by Geoscience Australia. An SBAS testbed master station, installed by teammate GMV of Spain, will collect that reference station data, compute corrections and integrity bounds for each GNSS satellite signal, and generate augmentation messages.

    “A Lockheed Martin uplink antenna at Uralla, New South Wales, will send these augmentation messages to an SBAS payload hosted aboard a geostationary Earth orbit satellite, owned by Inmarsat,” says Rod Drury, director of international strategy and business development for Lockheed Martin Space Systems Co. “This satellite rebroadcasts the augmentation messages containing corrections and integrity data to the end users. The whole process takes less than six seconds.”

    By augmenting signals from multiple GNSS constellations — both Galileo and GPS — second-generation SBAS is not dependent on one GNSS. It will also use signals on two frequencies — the L1 and L5 GPS signals, and their companion E1 and E5a Galileo signals — to provide integrity data and enhanced accuracy for industries that need it.

    Research partners

    Lockheed Martin will provide systems integration expertise in addition to the Uralla radio frequency uplink. GMV-Spain will provide its magicGNSS processors. Inmarsat will provide the navigation payload hosted on the 4F1 geostationary satellite. The Australia and New Zealand Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information will coordinate the demonstrator projects that test the SBAS infrastructure.

    Lockheed Martin has significant experience with space-based navigation systems. The company developed and produced 20 GPS IIR and IIR-M satellites. It also maintains the GPS Architecture Evolution Plan ground control system, which operates the entire 31-satellite constellation.

  • GPS Glitch Two Years Older than First Stated

    On Wednesday, the GPS Directorate said further data analysis shows that a technical error affecting some Boeing GPS IIF satellites first appeared in 2011, two years earlier than originally stated, according to a Reuters report.

    The error first appeared one year after the GPS IIF satellites became operational. The error affects the way the ground control system builds and uploads messages transmitted by the satellites, but does not affect the accuracy of GPS signals. It involves the ground-based software used to index messages.

    Lockheed Martin runs the GPS ground control segment, which enables Air Force officials to operate all GPS satellites, including the IIF satellites built by Boeing.

  • Air Force Working on Glitch for GPS IIF Satellites

    The U.S. Air Force is working to resolve a technical error that affected some Boeing GPS satellites, according to a report by Reuters.

    The error does not affect the accuracy of GPS signals. It involves the ground-based software used to index some messages transmitted by GPS IIF satellites built by Boeing, Air Force Space Command said according to Reuters. Still, officials are investigating other possible causes.

    Lockheed Martin runs the GPS ground control segment, which enables Air Force officials to operate all GPS satellites, including the IIF satellites built by Boeing.

    Air Force Space Command Public Affairs released the following statement:

    “A GPS message indexing issue was recently identified that affects a limited number of active GPS IIF satellites, but does not degrade the accuracy of the GPS signal received by users around the globe. The result is an occasional broadcast not in accordance with U.S. technical specifications. The issue appears to be related to the ground software that builds and uploads messages transmitted by the GPS constellation during regular system operations, although the Air Force continues to investigate all possible causes.

    “Although the issue was brought to light in the last few days, a close examination of archived GPS message data reveals that the message indexing error has gone unnoticed since 2013. Air Force Space Command has implemented a workaround to prevent further message indexing violations and is taking steps to permanently correct the error.”

    The U.S. Air Force will be launching the ninth Boeing Block IIF satellite on Wednesday.

  • U.S. Air Force Awards Contract to Lockheed Martin for GPS III Launch, Checkout

    The U.S. Air Force has awarded Lockheed Martin a $21.5 million contract to provide a Launch and Checkout Capability (LCC) to command and control all GPS III satellites from launch through early on-orbit testing.

    The LCC, which will be integrated into the Raytheon-developed Next Generation Operational Control System (OCX), will ensure launch availability for the first GPS III satellite in 2014. The LCC includes trained satellite operators and engineering solutions in partnership with OCX to support launch, early orbit operations and checkout of all GPS III satellites before the spacecraft are turned over to Air Force Space Command for operations.

    “Achieving initial launch capability in 2014 is critical to introducing new GPS capabilities on time and will  enable the GPS III program to continue its production pace, maximize efficiencies and reduce long term costs for the GPS enterprise as a whole,” said Colonel Bernard Gruber, director of the U.S. Air Force’s Global Positioning Systems Directorate. “The Launch and Checkout Capability will ensure we can launch in 2014, effectively closing the time gap between GPS III and the Next Generation Operational Control System.”

    The GPS III program will replace aging GPS satellites while improving capability to meet the evolving needs of military, commercial and civilian users worldwide. The satellites will deliver better accuracy and improved anti-jamming power while enhancing the spacecraft’s design life and adding a new civil signal designed to be interoperable with international global navigation satellite systems, according to Lockheed Martin.

    The GPS III team is led by the Global Positioning Systems Directorate at the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center. Lockheed Martin is the GPS III prime contractor with teammates ITT Exelis, General Dynamics, Infinity Systems Engineering, Honeywell, ATK and other subcontractors. Air Force Space Command’s 2nd Space Operations Squadron (2SOPS), based at Schriever Air Force Base, Colo., manages and operates the GPS constellation for both civil and military users.

  • Lockheed Gets the Nod for GPS III

    The U.S. Air Force finally made it official and confirmed the rumor mill: Lockheed Martin has beat out rival satellite contractor Boeing for the contract to build the first eight GPS III satellites.

    Secretary of the Air Force Michael Wynne and the Global Positioning Systems Wing, Space and Missile Systems Center, Los Angeles Air Force Base, Calif. made the announcement regarding the GPS III development and production contract late Thursday, May 15. In retrospect it was not exactly a well-kept secret; rumors had swirled for at least a month if not longer that Lockheed would get the nod, and two days earlier on May 13 the Wall Street Journal reported as fact that Lockheed had won, citing unnamed sources.

    Under the $1.4 billion contract, the team of Lockheed Martin Space Systems Co., ITT Corp., and General Dynamics will produce eight GPS IIIA satellites, with the first launch projected for 2014, Lockheed said. The development contract will result in approximately 500 new jobs for Lockheed Martin.

    Eight GPS IIIB and 16 GPS IIIC satellites are planned for later increments, with each increment including additional capabilities based on technical maturity. Taken as a whole, all of the GPS III contracts could be worth more than approximately $3.5 billion. When fully deployed, the GPS III constellation will feature a cross-linked command and control architecture, allowing the entire GPS constellation to be updated simultaneously from a single ground station, according to Lockheed. Additionally, a new spot beam capability for enhanced military (M-Code) coverage and increased resistance to hostile jamming, as well as new civilian signals, will be incorporated.

    Lockheed Martin of course isn’t new to the GPS program; it designed and built 21 GPS IIR satellites for the Air Force and subsequently modernized eight of those spacecraft, designated GPS IIR-M. For GPS III, Lockheed Martin’s program management and spacecraft development effort will occur at its facilities in Newtown, Penn., with final assembly, integration and test located in Denver, according to the company. Its Sunnyvale, Calif., operations will provide various spacecraft components and a launch support team will be based at Cape Canaveral, Fla. Lockheed Martin’s flight-proven A2100 bus will serve as the GPS III spacecraft platform.

    ITT, based in Clifton, N.J. will provide the navigation payload, and General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Gilbert, Ariz., will provide the Network Communications Element (NCE) which includes the UHF Crosslink and Tracking Telemetry & Command (TT&C) subsystems.